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. 2021 Sep 2;41(11):2823–2836. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315766

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© 2021 The Authors.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 2. — Changes in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) aggregation, lipoproteins proteoglycan-binding, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) during the 3-wk overfeeding of unsaturated fat (UNSAT), saturated fat (SAT), and simple carbs (CARB). A, The aggregate sizes (median±interquartile range) at the various time points are shown in the UNSAT, SAT, and CARB groups. LDL was isolated from plasma samples collected at the baseline and at the end of the diet. LDL aggregation was induced by addition of human recombinant sphingomyelinase, and the increase in LDL aggregate size was followed by dynamic light scattering. Inflection point of the aggregate size vs time curves was used as a measure of LDL aggregation susceptibility. B, Change in LDL aggregation susceptibility. C, Change in the proteoglycan-binding of plasma lipoproteins. Aliquots of plasma samples collected at the baseline and at the end of the study were incubated in microtiter wells coated with human aortic proteoglycans and the amount of cholesterol bound was measured after incubation for 1 h. D, Change in the concentration of oxLDL. ELISA was used to measure oxLDL concentrations in plasma samples collected at the baseline and at the end of the intervention. The changes in B–D are presented as mean±SE of mean of the log2 values of fold changes. A positive value indicates an increase and a negative value a decrease in the value. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to test differences between groups during interventions. P values (at the bottom) are reported for the effect of interaction term (time×group). Asterisks represent P value for within-group changes calculated by Šidak post hoc test. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.