TABLE 1. The Three-Layer Causal Inference Hierarchy Based on [31].

Level	Activity	Typical question
I. Association	Seeing	What is? How would seeing change my belief in ?
II. Intervention	Doing Intervening	What if? What if I do ?
III. Counterfactuals	Imagining, Retrospection	Why? Was it that caused ?What if I had acted differ-ently?