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. 2021 Oct 25;200:77–83. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.09.016

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study participants.

Variables Total (n = 948)
Public hospital (n = 492)
Private hospital (n = 456)
p value
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Gender 0.025
 Male 445 (46.9) 219 (44.5) 226 (49.6)
 Female 503 (53.1) 273 (55.5) 230 (50.4)
Age groups (years) 0.005
 18–24 173 (18.2) 96 (19.5) 77 (16.9)
 25–34 211 (22.2) 111 (22.6) 100 (21.9)
 35–44 202 (21.3) 98 (19.9) 104 (22.8)
 45–54 154 (16.2) 75 (15.2) 79 (17.3)
 55–64 123 (12.9) 68 (13.8) 55 (12.1)
 ≥65 85 (9.2) 44 (8.9) 41 (9.0)
 Mean (SD) 38.4 (±11.8)
Education <0.001
 Literate 233 (24.6) 139 (28.3) 94 (20.6)
 Primary school 225 (23.7) 114 (23.2) 111 (24.3)
 High school 201 (21.2) 103 (20.9) 98 (21.4)
 Associate or Bachelor degree 188 (19.8) 91 (18.5) 97 (21.5)
 Master or higher degree 101 (10.7) 45 (9.1) 56 (12.2)
Marital status 0.68
 Married 613 (64.6) 330 (67.1) 283 (62.0)
 Non-married 335 (35.4) 162 (32.9) 173 (38.0)
Long-term illnesses or health problem 0.002
 Yes 238 (25.1) 144 (29.3) 94 (20.6)
 No 710 (74.9) 348 (70.7) 362 (79.4)
Self-reported health status 0.005
 Very bad 65 (6.9) 31 (6.3) 34 (7.4)
 Bad 87 (9.2) 52 (10.6) 35 (7.6)
 Fair 218 (23.0) 127 (25.8) 91 (20.0)
 Good 465 (49.1) 227 (46.1) 238 (52.2)
 Very good 113 (11.9) 55 (11.2) 58 (12.8)
Perceived income status 0.003
 Inadequate 505 (53.2) 301 (61.1) 204 (44.7)
 Moderate 341 (35.9) 149 (30.2) 192 (42.1)
 Adequate 102 (10.9) 42 (8.7) 60 (13.1)

∗Missing data not included; Chi-squared significances P < 0.05 are printed in bold.

SD, standard deviation.