Table 3. Adjusted odd ratios (95% CI)a for relationships between predictors related to the primary food shopping store or frequency of shopping at stores with high or low access to healthy foods and cardiometabolic outcomes.
| High blood pressureb | High blood sugarc | High cholesterold | Low HDLe | Overweight/ obesityf | Poor/fair healthg | |
| AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
| Primary food shopping store | ||||||
| Discount grocery store vs full-service grocery (ref) | .60 (.32, 1.15) | 1.49 (.83, 2.68) | 1.54 (.87, 2.72) | 1.11 (.61, 2.02) | .51 (.26, .99)l | .67 (.36, 1.22) |
| Supercenter/wholesale club vs full-service grocery (ref) | 1.07 (.51, 2.22) | .97 (.52, 1.84) | 1.21 (.66, 2.21) | 1.19 (.65, 2.21) | .67 (.31, 1.44) | 1.08 (.59, 1.97) |
| Specialty storeh vs full-service grocery (ref) | .84 (.28, 2.56) | .51 (.16, 1.59) | 1.70 (.67, 4.35) | 1.23 (.46, 3.26) | 1.12 (.31, 4.09) | .52 (.16, 1.64) |
| Times visited primary food store past month | 1.15 (.83, 1.61) | 1.22 (.92, 1.62) | 1.08 (.83, 1.41) | .74 (.55, .98)l | .97 (.69, 1.36) | .92 (.69, 1.22) |
| Reason chose to do food shopping at primary store | ||||||
| Price vs quality of food (ref) | .89 (.47, 1.68) | 1.22 (.70, 2.11) | 2.02 (1.19, 3.45)l | 1.04 (.60, 1.81) | .89 (.45, 1.76) | .96 (.55, 1.66) |
| Convenient location vs quality of food (ref) | .96 (.51, 1.80) | .97 (.57, 1.64) | 1.14 (.69, 1.89) | 1.29 (.77, 2.17) | .74 (.40, 1.37) | .78 (.46, 1.30) |
| Other attributesi vs quality of food (ref) | 1.08 (.53, 2.22) | .95 (.53, 1.72) | 1.11 (.63, 1.97) | 1.08 (.60, 1.95) | 1.00 (.48, 2.10) | .93 (.51, 1.68) |
| Frequency shopping at stores with low access to healthy foodj | ||||||
| Sometimes vs rarely (ref) | 1.48 (.87, 2.58) | .80 (.51, 1.27) | 1.12 (.72, 1.73) | .74 (.46, 1.17) | .95 (.55, 1.64) | 1.10 (.70, 1.71) |
| Often vs rarely (ref) | .57 (.18, 1.81) | 1.23 (.35, 4.29) | 3.52 (1.09, 11.40)l | 1.62 (.52, 5.07) | .74 (.18, 3.02) | .59 (.17, 2.08) |
| Frequency shopping at stores with high access to healthy foodk | ||||||
| Sometimes vs rarely (ref) | 1.46 (.82, 2.58) | .86 (.53, 1.39) | 1.06 (.67, 1.69) | 1.02 (.62, 1.67) | .90 (.51, 1.59) | .58 (.36, .92)l |
| Often vs rarely (ref) | .94 (.40, 2.23) | .90 (.39, 2.09) | .98 (.45, 2.16) | 1.51 (.68, 3.34) | .90 (.51, 1.59) | .36 (.15, .85)l |
a. Adjusted for age, sex, adjusted income, marital status, education, neighborhood, years lived in neighborhood. Each cell represents a single model with the single outcome variable, single independent variable, and all covariates
b. High blood pressure defined as SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg or taking blood pressure medication
c. High blood sugar defined as HbA1c ≥6.5% or on diabetes medication
d. High cholesterol defined as total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL or on cholesterol medication
e. Low HDL defined as HDL≤40 mg/dL
f. Overweight defined as BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2
g. Self-rated Health Status 5-point Likert scale variable was collapsed: Poor (containing answer options fair and poor) and Good (containing answer options good, very good, and excellent)
h. Specialty store: Specialty grocery store, Meat or seafood market, and fruit and vegetable store
i. Other: choice of items, customer service, cleanliness, and fuel perks
j. Low access stores: convenience stores, drug stores, neighborhood stores, and dollar stores
k. High access stores: discount grocery stores, supercenters, wholesale clubs, grocery stores, full-service supermarkets, meat or seafood markets, and fruit and vegetable stores or farm stands
l. P≤.05