Table 7.
Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive isolates among paediatric and adult patients over the two years.
| Antimicrobial agents | Streptococcus spp. | p value | Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) | p value | Staphylococcus aureus | p value | Enterococcus spp. | p value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | |||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||
| Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | |||||
| Ampicillin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 36 (73) | 57 (72) | 21 (62) | 64 (77) | ≤0.001 | 3 (100) | 29 (85) | 6 (100) | 13 (76) | ≤0.001 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0(0) | — |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0(0) | — |
| Cloxacillin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0 (0) | — | 6 (16) | 8 (15) | 1 (7) | 3 (11) | 0.535 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | — | - | — |
| Cephalexin | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | — | 9 (19) | 30 (40) | 8 (25) | 28 (37) | ≤0.001 | 1 (33) | 12 (39) | 1 (17) | 7 (47) | ≤0.001 | 1 (100) | 1 (50) | — | 2(67) | 0.073 |
| Cefuroxime | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | 1 (50) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cefotaxime | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 9 (20) | 25 (42) | 8 (25) | 24 (32) | ≤0.001 | 1 (50) | 9 (29) | 1 (17) | 4 (29) | 0.363 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | — | — | — |
| Ceftazidime | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 (100) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ceftriaxone | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 1 (50) | 3 (42) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0.835 | — | 1 (100) | — | 1 (100) | - | - | 0 (0) | - | - | - |
| Cefepime | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vancomycin | — | — | — | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | 0 (0) | — | 0(0) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gentamicin | 4 (57) | 3 (75) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 | 9 (21) | 23 (36) | 8 (35) | 12 (26) | 0.008 | 0 (0) | 4 (15) | 0 (0) | 1(11) | - | 1(100) | 1(50) | - | 2(67) | 0.073 |
| Tobramycin | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Amikacin | — | 1 (100) | — | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0(0) | — | — | — | — | 1(100) | — |
| Netilmicin | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 2 (40) | 1 (25) | — | 9 (21) | 25 (38) | 7 (23) | 20 (27) | — | 1 (33) | 10 (37) | 0 (0) | 6(40) | 0.005 | 1(100) | 1(50) | — | 2(67) | 0.073 |
| Cotrimoxazole | 3 (50) | 2 (40) | 1 (50) | 3 (75) | 0.295 | 10 (22) | 22 (30) | 4 (13) | 12 (18) | ≤0.001 | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | 1(7) | — | 1(100) | 1(50) | — | 1(100) | 0.667 |
Note: p values in bold indicate significant effects.