Table 9.
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-negative isolates among two-year study period.
| Antimicrobial agents | Klebsiella spp. (n = 63) | Acinetobacter spp. (n = 7) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5) | Pseudomonas spp. (n = 12) | Escherichia coli (n = 42) | Salmonella spp (n = 4) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | |||||||||||||
| 2016 (n = 25) | 2017 (n = 38) | p value | 2016 (n = 4) | 2017 (n = 3) | p value | 2016 (n = 3) | 2017 (n = 2) | p value | 2016 (n = 4) | 2017 (n = 8) | p value | 2016 (n = 17) | 2017 (n = 25) | p value | 2016 (n = 3) | 2017 (n = 1) | p value | |
| Ampicillin | 24(96) | 36(97) | ≤0.001 | 4(100) | 3(100) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 13(76) | 21(84) | ≤0.001 | 1(33) | 0(0) | 0.667 |
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 1(100) | 15(100) | ≤0.001 | — | 0(0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1(100) | — | — | — | — |
| Augmentin | — | 22(61) | — | — | 1(100) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3(13) | — | — | 0(0) | — |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 3(100) | 13(87) | ≤0.001 | 3(100) | 1(100) | — | 0(0) | — | — | 0(0) | — | — | — | 1(100) | — | — | — | — |
| Cephalexin | 19 (82) | 30 (83) | 0.025 | 4 (100) | 1 (100) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9(69) | 13(59) | 0.022 | — | (0)0 | — |
| Cefuroxime | 84 | 76 | 0.004 | 75 | 33 | 0.541 | — | — | — | 100 | — | — | 71 | 60 | 0.018 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Cefotaxime | 67 | 75 | 0.032 | 75 | 100 | 0.010 | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — | 60 | 57 | 0.005 | — | 0 | — |
| Ceftazidime | 50 | 58 | 0.158 | 75 | 33 | 0.541 | 33 | 0 | 0.495 | 0 | 0 | — | 31 | 12 | 0.041 | — | 0 | — |
| Ceftriaxone | 68 | 70 | 0.010 | 75 | 100 | 0.010 | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — | 65 | 57 | 0.046 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Cefepime | 100 | 94 | ≤0.001 | 100 | 100 | — | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | 100 | — | — | — | — |
| Imipenem | 33 | 38 | 0.067 | 33 | 100 | 0.056 | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — | — | 100 | — | — | — | — |
| Meropenem | 25 | 93 | 0.604 | 100 | 100 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 100 | — | — | — | — |
| Gentamicin | 55 | 47 | 0.656 | 75 | 100 | 0.010 | 33 | 50 | 0.995 | 33 | 25 | 0.704 | 20 | 8 | 0.320 | — | — | — |
| Tobramycin | — | — | — | — | — | — | 33 | 50 | 0.995 | 0 | 25 | 0.389 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Amikacin | 20 | 39 | 0.338 | 75 | 33 | 0.541 | 33 | 50 | 0.995 | 33 | 0 | 0.104 | 0 | 8 | 0.242 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Netilmicin | 29 | 45 | 0.685 | 75 | 33 | 0.541 | 33 | 50 | 0.995 | 33 | 0 | 0.104 | 6 | 8 | 0.934 | — | 0 | — |
| Ciprofloxacin | 59 | 60 | 0.034 | 75 | 100 | 0.010 | 33 | 0 | 0.495 | 0 | 25 | 0.389 | 50 | 41 | 0.038 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Cotrimoxazole | 50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | 100 | 0.333 | — | — | — |
| Colistin | 0 | 7 | 0.668 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
n = bacterial isolates among patients tested. Note: p values in bold indicate significant effects.