Table 7.

Results of moderation analysis.

Moderating variable	Leadership style	Heterogeneity test			Sort	K	N	95% CI			Two-tailed test
		Q	df	P				Point estimate	Lower	Upper	Z	P
Mediating variable	Transformational leadership	336.669	2	<0.001	Y	23	1254	0.573	0.622	0.817	8.546	<0.001
					N	8	1583	0.469	0.608	0.795	7.128	<0.001
Cultural background	Transformational leadership	55.641	2	<0.001	E	10	2319	0. 893	0.587	0.831	5.748	<0.001
					W	17	1826	0.759	0.452	0.776	5.682	<0.001
					O	4	1382	0.723	0.632	0.797	8.426	<0.001
Document type	Transformational leadership	214.251	2	<0.001	J	3	781	0. 611	0.467	0.834	5.678	<0.001
					T	28	2825	0.677	0.512	0.792	5.7843	<0.001

Note. Y: the existence of mediating variables; N: the absence of mediating variables; W: Western culture; E: Eastern culture; O: other; J: journal; T: thesis; K = number of studies; N = sample size; r = effect size; 95% CI = confidence interval around r.