Table 3.
Statistically significant differences between level-1 and level-2 problematic situations and demographic variables.
| Level-1 problematic situations* | Profession | Departments | Hierarchical Status | COVID/non-COVID wards | Perceived severity of the issue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organisational Change (40.6%) | n. s. | More frequent in surgical depts (59.2%) Less frequent in non-hospital institutions (34.8%) |
Subcategory of “Services, tasks, planning reorganisation and logistics”: more frequently reported by senior managers (32%) than staff without managerial roles (14.9%) | n. s. | n. s. |
| Workloads (overload and under-utilisation) and work schedules (27.6%) | n. s. | More frequent in the diagnostics depts (50%) Less frequent in rehabilitation/geriatrics wards (22.6%) |
Subcategory of “Absences–mobilisation”: more frequently reported by senior managers (14.5%) than staff without managerial roles (6.3%) | More frequent in non-COVID wards (29.3%) than in COVID wards (20.5%) | n. s. |
| Conflictual relationships (23.5%) | n. s. | n. s. | Subcategory of “Management difficulties, team complaints, and stress”: more frequently reported by senior (16.1%) and middle managers (10%) than by staff without managerial roles (2.3%) | n. s. | n. s. |
| Patient-care practices and quality of care (17.2%) | More frequent among nurses, healthcare assistants and auxiliary nurses (23.6%) and among doctors (18.0%) than among other professions | More frequent in women, children, and adolescent depts (29.7%), acute medicine (29.4%), rehabilitation /geriatrics (18.9%), and general medicine (18.2%) Less frequent in management and general services (4.4%), facility services (2.7%), and diagnostics (2.1%) |
n.s. | More frequent in COVID wards (23.9%) than in non-COVID wards (16.2%) | More often considered as severe by doctors (47.8%) |
| Difficulties with COVID-19 guidelines and protection measures (13.1%) | n. s. | Subcategory of “Difficulties respecting the rules and protective measures”: more frequent in the mental health and psychiatry depts | n. s. | n. s. | n. s. |
| Emotional burden (16.8%) | More frequent among nurses, healthcare assistants and auxiliary nurses (18.4%) Less frequent for doctors (7.8%) |
n. s. | n. s. | n. s. | n. s. |
| Lack of information/ communication/training (15.6%) | n.s. | More frequent in acute medicine (23.5%) and medical specialities (23.2%) Less frequent in non-hospital institutions (7.1%) |
n. s. | More frequent in COVID wards (30.8%) than in non-COVID wards (13%) | More often considered moderately severe (41.9%) |
| Access to COVID-19 PPE and equipment for patient care (11.3%) |
More frequent among logistical, technical, maintenance and catering staff (16.3%) and among nurses, healthcare assistants and auxiliary nurses (13%) Less frequent among administrative staff (4%) |
More frequent in rehabilitation/geriatrics (20.8%) Less frequent in women, children and adolescent depts (4.7%) |
n. s. | n. s. | More often considered severe (43.5%) |
| Working from home: the setting and technical issues (7.2%) | More frequent among administrative staff (33.3%) than among all other professions. | More frequent in management and general services (25.7%) than in other depts. | More frequent among senior managers (13.7%); less frequent among staff without managerial roles (6.9%) and middle managers (5.5%) |
More often considered not very severe (41.9%) |
*
Category “Difficulties with COVID-19 guidelines and protection measures (13.1%)” not included as no significant relationship was found. n.s.: not significant.