Table 1.
Details of included studies
| Author | Year | Country | Base Publication Study Design* | Total N (male, female) | Mean Age (SD) | Population Details | Gene | Method of H. pylori Testing | Therapy Duration | PPI/Dosage | Antibiotics Used | Antibiotic Resistance Tested | CLR Resistance | Medication Adherence | Overall Eradication Success13/26; 49/57 | Significant Association Between Gene and Eradication | Other Factors Associated with Eradication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanigawara | 1999 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 83 M vs. F not stated |
Unavailable | HP positive gastritis of peptic ulcers | CYP2C19 | culture, histology, UBT | 7 days | OMZ 20 BID | AMX 500 QID; AMX 500 QID, CLR 200 QID | no | n/a | unavailable | 13/26; 49/57 | yes | none |
| Dojo | 2001 | Japan | RCT | 43, 43; 40, 38 | 42.4 (6.6); 44.1 (6.6) | HP positive with chronic gastritis | CYP2C19 | UBT | 7 days | AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 70/86 PP (70/89 ITT); 65/78 PP (65/81 ITT) | no | none |
| Furuta | 2001 | Japan | ?RCT | 232, 29 PP | 49.0 (9.7) PP | HP positive with GU, DU or gastritis | CYP2C19 | culture, histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | AMX 500 TID, CLR 200 TID | AMX 500 TID, CLR 200 TID | yes (CLR: 33/261) | 12.64% | >80% considered compliant, all in PP analysis | 226/261 PP (226/271 ITT) | yes | CLR resistance |
| Hokari | 2001 | Japan | RCT | 20, 10; 23, 8; 22, 9 | 51.9 (9.5); 51.2 (10.6); 47.0 (12.1) | HP positive with GU | CYP2C19 | culture, RUT, UBT | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | RAL/10 daily; RAL/10 BID; RAL/20 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | yes (CLR: 4/98) | 4.08% | unavailable | 25/30 APT (25/30 PP); 24/31 APT (24/30 PP); 28/31 APT (27/30 PP) | no | none |
| Miyoshi | 2001 | Japan | RCT | 90, 8; 87, 14 | 49 (8.1); 50.6 (8.3) | HP positive with PUD | CYP2C19 | culture, RUT, UBT | 14 days | OMZ/20 BID, RAL/10 BID | AMX 500 TID | yes, but only to exclude abx resistance | n/a | unavailable | 65/98 ITT (65/93 APT, 65/89 PP); 63/101 ITT (63/90 APT, 63/85 PP) | no | none |
| Inaba | 2002 | Japan | RCT | 48, 11; 47, 13; 47, 17 | 56 (20–83); 52 (21–76); 55 (27–75) | HP positive with PUD | CYP2C19 | culture, histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | OMZ/20 BID; LNZ/30 BID; RAL/20 BID | AMX 500 TID, CLR 200 TID | no | n/a | 100%; 100%; 98.40% | 49/59 ITT (49/58 PP); 52/60 ITT (52/58 PP); 49/64 ITT (49/63 PP) | yes, only for RAL groups | none |
| Isomoto | 2003 | Japan | RCT | 43, 18 | 60.7 (42.5–88.5) | HP positive | CYP2C19 | HP IgG, RUT, culture, histology, UBT | 7 days | LNZ 30 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | yes (CLR: 4/61) | 6.56% | unavailable | 49/61 ITT (49/58 PP) | no | CLR resistance |
| Isomoto* | 2003 | Japan | RCT | 43, 20; 36, 24 | 47.7 (20–72); 48.6 (20–72) | HP positive after failed LNZ 30 BID, AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID for 7d | CYP2C19 | UBT | 14 days; 7 days | RAL/20 BID; RAL/10 BID | AMX 1000 BID; AMX 750 BID, MTZ 250 BID | yes (CLR: 45/72; MTZ 20/72) | 62.50% | 1 patient removed from each group for <80% compliance for PP analysis | 37/63 ITT (37/56 PP); 49/60 ITT (49/56 PP) | yes | none |
| Kawabata | 2003 | Japan | RCT | 138, 49 | 51.8 (20–78) | HP positive with peptic ulcers | CYP2C19 | culture, histology, UBT | 7 days (pts with active ulcers on f/u were given 4 more weeks of PPI) | RAL/10 BID; LNZ/30 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID | yes (CLR: 21/173) | 12.14% | unavailable | 75/100 ITT (75/93 PP); 60/87 ITT (60/80 PP) | yes | CLR resistance |
| Lee | 2003 | Korea | Prospective Cohort | 85, 31 | 48 (13) | HP positive with GU or DU | CYP2C19 | RUT, UBT | 7 days | RAL/10 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 98/116 | no | age |
| Matsuo | 2003 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 78, 64 | Median 60 (range 40–69) | HP positive, outpatients | Le, Se; IL1A; IL-1β−31; IL1RN; MPO | HP IgG | 7 days | LNZ 40 daily | AMX 1500 TID, CLR 400 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 87/142 | Le only | none |
| Miki | 2003 | Japan | RCT | 33, 14; 38, 8; 34, 11 (Total ITT: 113, 32) | 47.9 (13.5); 48.7 (12.7); 49.1 (20.1) (Total ITT - 48.9 (17.3)) | HP positive gastritis or peptic ulcers | CYP2C19 | culture, histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | LNZ/30 BID; RAL/10 BID; RAL/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, | yes (CLR: 16/138, MTZ: 11/138) | 11.59% | unavailable | 39/49 ITT (39/47 PP); 4¼8 ITT (4¼6 PP); 40/48 ITT (40/45 PP); Total - 120/145 ITT (120/138 PP) | no | CLR resistance |
| Sapone | 2003 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | 66, 77 | 53 (13.74) | HP positive with dyspepsia | CYP2C19; CYP3A4 | culture, histology, RUT | 7 days | OMZ 20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 93/143 | yes | none |
| Furuta | 2004 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 299, 51 | 49.0 (10.0) | HP positive with gastritis or ulcers | CYP2C19; IL-1β | histology, culture, RUT, UBT | 7 days | OMZ/20 BID; LNZ/30 BID | AMX 500 TID, CLR 200 TID | yes (CLR: 48/336) | 14.29% | unavailable | 293/350 ITT (293/336 PP) | yes | CLR resistance |
| Schwab | 2004 | Germany | Prospective Cohort | 52, 79 | 56 (15) combined | HP positive, outpatient and inpatient | CYP2C19 | UBT | 5 days | LNZ/30 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 250 BID, MTZ 400 BID (for 3 or 5 days, groups combined) | yes (MTZ: 11/31, CLR: 2/31) | 6.45% | unavailable | 113/131 | yes | none |
| Furuta | 2005 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 122, 19 | Median 51 (17–78) | HP positive with ulcer or gastritis | CYP2C19 | culture, RUT, UBT | 7 days (GU and DU continued LNZ 30 daily for 5–7 wks) | LNZ/30 BID | AMX 500 TID, CLR 200 TID | yes (CLR: 29/141) | 20.57% | unavailable | 110/139 PP (110/141 ITT) | yes | CLR resistance |
| Gawrońska-Szklarz | 2005 | Poland | Prospective Cohort | 30, 40 | 49.9 (14.5) | HP positive patients, some with ulcers, others with family hx of gastric cancer as indications for treatment | CYP2C19; MDR1 | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days (PPI continued daily for 4 weeks) | OMZ/20 BID; PPZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID; AMX 1000 BID, MTZ 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 34/70 | yes | none |
| Kuwayama | 2005 | Japan | RCT | 91, 22; 82, 30 | 54.2 (11.3); 51.2 (12.8) | HP positive with healed peptic ulcers | CYP2C19 | culture, RUT, UBT | 7 days | OMZ/20 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID; AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | yes (CLR: 34/225) | 15.11% | unavailable | 89/113 ITT (87/109 PP); 93/112 ITT (88/106 PP) | no | CLR resistance |
| Okudaira | 2005 | Japan | RCT | 87 only male; 86 only male | 43.8 (1.0); 44.0 (1.0) | HP positive males with chronic gastritis, GU or DU | CYP2C19 | culture, RUT, UBT | 7 days | LNZ/30 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 68/87 PP (68/89 ITT); 68/86 PP (75/88 ITT) | yes | none |
| Sheu | 2005 | Taiwan | RCT | 50, 50; 49, 51 | 41.6; 41.8 | HP positive patients with dyspepsia | CYP2C19 | histology, culture, UBT | 7 days | OMZ/20 BID; EMZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | yes (CLR: 10/139) | 7.19% | 85% “full compliance”, 10% moderate >4d, 5% poor <5d; 83% “full compliance”, 12% moderate >4d, 5% poor <5d | 79/100 ITT (79/93 PP); 86/100 ITT (86/92 PP) | yes | none |
| Ishida | 2006 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 33, 34 | unavailable, but most 50–69, but included some younger than 30 | HP positive | CYP2C19; IL-1β; TNF-A | UBT or anti-HP antibody, confirme d with UBT | 7 days | LNZ/30 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 57/67 | yes | none |
| Kurzawski | 2006 | Poland | Prospective Cohort | 58, 67 | 50.9 (14.4) | HP positive with peptic ulcers | CYP2C19 | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | PPZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, MTZ 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 78/125 | no | none |
| Miehlke | 2006 | Germa ny | RCT | 25, 48; 29, 43 | 50 (18–71); 48 (23–77) | HP positive with failed eradication, resistance to CLR and MTZ and indication for treatment | CYP2C19 | histology, culture, UBT | 7 days; 14 days | EMZ/20 BID; OMZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, Rifabutin 150 BID; AMX 1000 TID | yes (AMX: 0/145, Rifabutin: 2/145, CLR: unavailable) | n/a | <80% adherence were removed from PP analysis | 54/73 ITT (54/69 PP); 50/72 ITT (50/67 PP) | no | none |
| Sugimoto | 2006 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 283, 77 | 50.4 (1.6) | HP positive, sensitive to CLR, with GU, DU or gastritis | CYP2C19; IL-1β; IL-1RN; TNFa; IL-10 | RUT, serologic testing, culture, UBT | 7 days | OMZ/20 BID; LNZ/30 BID; RAL/10 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID | yes (unavailable) | n/a | <80% excluded from study | 301/360 ITT (301/349 PP) | yes, only CYP2C19 and IL-1β−511 | none |
| Furuta | 2007 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 237, 84 | 53.2 (14.3) | HP positive gastritis, GU or DU | CYP2C19; MDR1 | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | LNZ/30 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | yes (CLR: 97/321) | 30.22% | unavailable | 239/321 ITT (239/313 PP) | yes | CLR resistance |
| Furuta* | 2007 | Japan | RCT | 100, 50 | 60 (17–89) | HP positive with gastritis, GU, DU or GDU | CYP2C19 | RUT, UBT | 7 days | LNZ/30 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID | yes (CLR: 44/150) | 29.33% | unavailable | 105/150 ITT (105/144 PP) | yes | CLR resistance |
| Kuwayama | 2007 | Japan | RCT | 82, 37; 83, 26; 82, 34; 84, 31 | 49.6 (12.8); 51.9 (12.8); 48.4 (13.3); 52.3 (12.0) | HP positive with endoscopically confirmed open GU or DU more than or equal to 5mm diameter | CYP2C19 | Histology, culture, UBT | 7 days | RAL/10 BID; RAL/20 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID; AMX 750 BID, CLR 400 BID (two groups of abx regimens for each PPI dosage group) | yes (CLR: 30/60) | 50.00% | >90% | 409/459 ITT (38–29 PP) Total | ?unclear if statistically significant | none |
| Suzuki | 2007 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 78, 64 | Median 60 (40–69) | HP positive | CYP2C19 | serology HP IgG, culture | Not available | LNZ/30 DAILY | AMX 500 TID, CLR 200 BID | no | n/a | 93% | 87/142 | no | none |
| Kang | 2008 | Korea | Prospective Cohort | 206, 121 | 55 (12.6) | HP positive undergoing EGD | CYP2C19 | Culture, RUT, UBT | 7 days | PPZ/40 BID, EMZ/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | yes (CLR: 7/52) | 13.46% | >90% considered compliant | 157/190; 121/137 | yes | CLR resistance |
| Miehlke | 2008 | Germa ny | Prospective Cohort | 36, 67 | 52 (21–79) | HP positive with failed prior treatment and resistance to MTZ and CLR | CYP2C19 | Histology, culture, UBT | 7 days | EMZ/40 DAILY | MFX 400 DAILY, Rifabutin 300 Daily | yes (MFX: 2/16; Rifabutin: 5/16 - only available for those that failed) | n/a | unavailable | 80/103 ITT (80/103 PP) | no | none |
| Oh | 2009 | Korea | Prospective Cohort | 111, 99 | 52.7 (11.4) | HP positive with gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers or functional dyspepsia | CYP2C19; MDR1 | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | PPZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | yes (CLR: 1¼5) | 24.44% | unavailable | 174/210 | no | CLR resistance |
| Yang | 2009 | Taiwan | RCT | 33, 15 | 51.5 | HP positive ulcers or gastritis | CYP2C19 | histology, culture, UBT | 7 days | RAL/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID (but 3 groups with abx at various times over course o 7 days) | yes (but not available) | n/a | 98.30% | 36/47 PP | CLR resistance | |
| Gawrońska-Szklarz | 2010 | Poland | Prospective Cohort | 65, 74 | 51 (14.4) | HP positive with peptic ulcers | PPZ/40 BID | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days (PPI BID--> 5 weeks daily) | PPZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, MTZ 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 103/139 | ? p = 0.4–0.99 | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
| Jinda | 2010 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | 22 M vs. F not stated | unavailable | HP positive suspected of having HP positive gastric ulcers | CYP2C19 | UBT | unavailabl e | unavaila ble | unavaila ble | yes (CAM (CLR and AMX): 6/32) | 18.75% | unavailable | 17/22 | none | |
| Kuo | 2010 | Taiwan | RCT | 41, 55; 38, 56 | 50.57 (12.23); 50.78 (10.78) | HP positive dyspepsia after failed eradication (EMZ 40 BID, CLR 500 BID, AMX 1000 BID) | CYP2C19 | UBT, rapid urease, culture, histology | 7 days | EMZ/40 BID; RAL/20 BID | Tetracycline 500 QID, MTZ 250 QID | yes (MTZ: 53/93; AMX: 4/93; CLR: 62/93; LVX: 21/93) | 66.67% | 97.76% | 70/96 ITT (70/93 PP); 74/94 ITT (74/87 PP) | yes | none |
| Lay | 2010 | China | Prospective Cohort | 71, 24 | 46.5 (6.0) | HP positive with cirrhosis and active peptic ulcers | CYP2C19 | HP DNA, histology, RUT, UBT (2/3) | 14 days | RAL/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | 92.10% | 86/95 | yes | adherence |
| Lee | 2010 | Hong Kong | RCT | 36, 68; 32, 68 | 46.1 (10.1); 47.6 (9.1) | HP positive with epigastric symptoms and NUD | CYP2C19 | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | EMZ/20 BID; RAL/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | yes (CLR: 21/193; AMP: 0/193; LFX: 22/127; Tetracycline : 0/193; MTZ 151/193) | 10.88% | >90% | 88/104 ITT (88/99 PP); 77/100 ITT (77/92 PP) | no | CLR resistance |
| Lee* | 2010 | Korea | RCT | 276, 187 (combine d PPI groups) | 57 (range 20–83) | HP positive with PUD, post–endoscopic mucosal resection of gastric cancer or adenoma, MALT lymphoma, non-ulcer dyspepsia or gastric polyps | CYP2C19 | UBT, histology | 7 days | LNZ/30 BID; RAL/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 185/234 PP? (185/260 ITT?); 163/229 PP? (229/261 ITT?) | no | none |
| Pan | 2010 | China | RCT | 28, 33; 30, 32; 27, 34 | 43.9 (14.3); 46.7 (13.4); 43.8 (13.9) | HP positive undergoing EGD | CYP2C19 | histology, RUT, UBT | 7 days | EMZ/20 BID; EMZ/40 BID; RAL/10 BID | LFX 500 DAILY, AMX 1000 BID | no | n/a | 98.4%; 96.80%; 100% | 52/61 ITT (52/60 PP); 54/62 ITT (54/60 PP); 46/61 ITT (46/61 PP) | no | none |
| Liou | 2011 | Taiwan | Prospective Cohort | 79, 63 | 53.7 (14.3) | HP positive failed first line triple tx (CLR, AMX, PPI) | CYP2C19 | UBT, RUT, histology | 10 days | EMZ 40 | AMX 1000 BID 1–5, MTZ 500 BID 6–10, LFX 250 BID 6–10 | yes | 51.90% | unavailable | 135/142 ITT (133/138 PP) | no | antibiotic resistance |
| Wu | 2011 | Taiwan | RCT | 30, 28; 30, 32 | 54.3 (11); 53.6 (11.7) | HP positive after failed first line tx (PPI, CLR 500 BID, AMX 1000 BID) | CYP2C19 | RUT, histology , culture, UBT | 7 days | EMZ 40 | “tetracycl ine” 500 QID, AMX 500 QID; “tetracycl ine” 500 QID, MTZ 250 QID | yes (not separat ed by drug group) | n/a | 97% | 36/58 ITT (35/55 PP); 50/62 ITT (49/59 PP) | no | none |
| Hong | 2016 | China | RCT | 121, 66 (EMZ); 106, 81 (OMZ) | 39.2 (11.9); 41.1 (11.7) | HP positive with duodenal ulcers | CYP2C19; IL-1β | HP culture and UBT | 10 days | EMZ/20 BID, OMZ/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID, MTZ 400 BID | yes (CLR: 52/374; MTZ: 218/374; AMX: 0/374; CLRR/MTZ-R: 33/374; CLRR/MTZ-S: 19/374; CLRS/MTZ-R: 185/374) | 13.90% | 87% | 168/187 ITT (166/174 PP) | yes | compliance, abx resistance |
| Nabinger | 2016 | Brazil | RCT | 27, 121 | 46.08 (12.24) | HP positive with functional dyspepsia | CYP2C19 | RUT and histopath ological examinat ion | 10 days | OMZ/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | 94.60% | 129/148 | no | none |
| Okimoto | 2016 | Japan | RCT | 56, 52 (EMZ); 54, 57 (RAL) | 57.6 (13.4); 57.1 (13.6) | HP positive | CYP2C19 | RUT, UBT | 7 days | EMZ/20 BID, RAL/20 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | yes (CLR: 85/210; MTZ: 8/210; AMP: 0/210; LFX: 115/210) | 40.48% | >90% | 69/108 ITT (69/92 PP); 65/111 ITT (65/91 PP) | no | abx resistance |
| Ormeci | 2016 | Turkey | Prospective Cohort | 82, 118 | 40 (13) | HP positive with NUD on EGD | CYP2C19 | RUT, stool antigen | 14 days | PPZ/40 BID, RAL/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | 100% | 74/104; 63/96 | yes | none |
| Phiphatpattha--maamphan | 2016 | Thailan d | RCT | 17, 33 (14d); 16, 34 (10d) | 53.6 (29–70) (14d); 48.5 (22–69) (10d) | HP positive with dyspepsia | CYP2C19; IL-1β; IL-1RN | RUT, HP culture, UBT | 14 days, 10 days | RAL/20 BID | AMX 500 QID, CLR 1000 DAILY; AMX 1000 BID 1–5, CLR 1000 DAILY 6–10, MTZ 400 TID 6–10 | yes (CLR: 8/54; MTZ: 24/54; LFX: 13/54) | 14.81% | >90% defined as adherent | 43/50 ITT (4–9 PP); 47/50 ITT (47/48 PP) | no | none |
| Song | 2016 | China | Prospective Cohort | 71, 61 | 44.4 (14.2) | HP positive dyspepsia resistant to non-bismuth quadruple therapy | CYP2C19 | UBT | 14 days | EMZ 20 | AMX 1000 BID, LFX 500 DAILY | yes (AMX: 6/72; CLR: 40/72; MTZ: 53/72; LFX: 26/72) | 55.56% | 96.1% (defined by >80%) | 97/132 ITT (95/121 PP) | no | abx resistance |
| Karaca | 2017 | Turkey | Prospective Cohort | 45, 60 (89 pts lost to follow up, no info) | 42.0 (1.73) | HP positive with PUD or gastritis | CYP2C19; CYP3A4; MDR1 | histopath ological examination, and “HP antigen” | 14 days | PPZ/40 BID | AMX 1000 BID for 1–7, MTZ 500 TID 8–14, “tetracycl ine” 500 QID 8–14 | no | n/a | unavailable | 87/105 | no, no, no | none |
| Lin | 2017 | China | RCT | 77, 83 | 45.2 (12.6) | HP positive with dyspepsia | CYP2C19 | RUT, UBT | 10 days | OMZ/20 BID, RAL/10 BID | AMX 1000 BID, LFX 500 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 61/80 ITT (61/78 PP), 68/80 ITT (68/77 PP) | yes, no | none |
| Chang | 2018 | Korea | Prospective Cohort | 89, 101 | 54.4 (10.2) | HP positive with chronic gastritis | CYP2C19 | RUT or HP DNA in gastric mucosa | 7 days | PPZ/una vailable | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | yes (CLR: 33/190) | 36.67% | >85% considered compliant | 130/203 ITT (130/190 PP) | no | female sex, Clarithrom ycin resistance |
| Lin | 2018 | Taiwan | Prospective Cohort | 48, 37 | 52.04 | HP positive outpatients | CYP2C19; IL-1β | RUT, histologic examinat ion and culture, UBT | 14 days | RAL/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID day 1–14, CLR 500 BID 8–14, MTZ 500 BID 8–14 | yes (AMX: 0/65; CLR: 8/65; MTZ: 26/65) | 12.31% | 3 nonadherent were excluded | 79/85 | no, no | none |
| Rech | 2018 | Brazil | RCT | 27, 121 | 46.08 (12.24) | HP positive with functional dyspepsia | IL-1β | histologic staining, RUT | 10 days | OMZ/20 BID | AMX 1000 BID, CLR 500 BID | no | n/a | 94.60% | 129/148 | yes | none |
| Shimoyama | 2018 | Japan | RCT | 90, 99 | unavailable | HP positive getting EGD | CYP2C19 | RUT, UBT, stool antigen test or serum or urine antibody | 7 days | EMZ/20 BID, RAL/20 BID | AMX 750 BID, CLR 200 BID | no | n/a | unavailable | 75/99 ITT (75/94 PP), 71/100 ITT (71/95 PP) | no | lower pepsinoge n I:II ratio |
| Jiang | 2005 | China | Unavailable | 160 (82 OMZ, 78 RAL) M vs. F not stated | Unavailable | HP positive; no prior treatment | CYP2C19 | Modality not stated | 7–14 days (exact duration not specified) | OMZ, RAL (dose and freq. not stated) | AMX, CLR (dose not stated) | unavailable | unavailable | unavailable | 63/82 (OMZ); 67/78 (RAL) | Yes for EM vs. PM and EM vs. IM; not IM vs. PM (OMZ vs RAL not provided) | Full text not available^ |
| Chen | 2012 | China | Unavailable | 101 M vs. F not stated | Unavailable | HP positive; no prior treatment; GU or DU | MDR1 | UBT | 7–14 days (exact duration not specified) | EMZ, OMZ (dose and freq. not stated) | AMX, CLR (dose not stated) | unavailable | unavailable | unavailable | 83/101 (EMZ vs OMZ not provided) | No | Full text not available^ |
| Zhang | 2013 | China | Unavailable | 106 M vs. F not stated | Unavailable | HP positive; no prior treatment; GU | MDR1 | UBT | 7–14 days (exact duration not specified) | EMZ, OMZ (dose and freq. not stated) | AMX, CLR (dose not stated) | unavailable | unavailable | unavailable | 86/106 (EMZ vs OMZ not provided) | Yes | Full text not available^ |
| Shi | 2014 | China | Unavailable | 80 M vs. F not stated | Unavailable | HP positive; no prior treatment; GU | MDR1 | RUT | 7–14 days (exact duration not specified) | LNZ (dose and freq. not stated) | AMX, CLR (dose not stated) | unavailable | unavailable | unavailable | 50/80 | Yes | Full text not available^ |
Abbreviations: Helicobacter pylori, HP; per protocol, PP; intention to treat, ITT; randomized control trial, RCT; amoxicillin, AMX; clarithromycin, CLR
metronidazole, MTX; levofloxacin, LFX; rapid urease test, RUT; urea breath test, UBT; esomeprazole, EMZ; omeprazole, OMZ; pantoprazole, PPZ; lansoprazole, LNZ; rabeprazole, RAL; twice per day, BID; three times per day
*
Note: no studies randomized according to genetic polymorphism, which is the primary exposure for this meta-analysis; as such, for the purpose of this meta-analysis, all studies can be considered as prospective cohort studies.
^
Raw data were abstracted from two published meta-analyses, Li et al. and Zhao et al., but the full texts were not able to be accessed (see main text for details)