Table 4.
Clinical factors associated with unfavourable outcomes among patients with COVID-19
| Patients with unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes*(n=73) | Patients discharged in good condition (n=524) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age categories* | |||||
| 0–20 years | 2 (3%) | 21 (4%) | Ref | Ref | .. |
| 21–40 years | 32 (44%) | 323 (62%) | 1·0 (0·2–4·6) | 1·8 (0·2–14·0) | 0·58 |
| 41–60 years | 18 (25%) | 145 (28%) | 1·3 (0·3–6·0) | 1·9 (0·2–15·8) | 0·53 |
| >60 years | 19 (26%) | 27 (5%) | 7·4 (1·5–35·3) | 8·7 (1·0–75·5) | 0·049 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 59 (81%) | 443 (85%) | Ref | Ref | .. |
| Female | 14 (19%) | 81 (15%) | 1·3 (0·7–2·4) | 0·9 (0·4–1·9) | 0·82 |
| Current malaria infection | |||||
| Negative | 65 (89%) | 462 (88%) | Ref | Ref | .. |
| Positive | 8 (11%) | 62 (12%) | 0·9 (0·4–2·0) | 0·8 (0·3–2·0) | 0·66 |
| Previous malaria exposure | |||||
| Moderate | 53 (73%) | 365 (70%) | Ref | Ref | .. |
| Low | 10 (14%) | 43 (8%) | 1·6 (0·8–3·4) | 1·1 (0·5–2·5) | 0·84 |
| High | 6 (8%) | 50 (10%) | 0·8 (0·3–2·0) | 1·0 (0·4–2·6) | >0·99 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 57 (78%) | 488 (93%) | Ref | Ref | .. |
| Yes | 16 (22%) | 33 (6%) | 4·2 (2·2–8·0) | 2·1 (0·9–5·0) | 0·077 |
| Heart disease | |||||
| No | 64 (88%) | 501 (96%) | Ref | Ref | .. |
| Yes | 7 (10%) | 16 (3%) | 0·3 (0·1–0·7) | 0·5 (0·2–1·5) | 0·22 |
OR=odds ratio. Ref=reference.
*
Defined as death, discharge with sequelae, or requiring intensive care.