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. 2021 Oct 12;11:747445. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747445

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Huang, Li, Liu, Liu, Deng, Xiong, Zou and Wen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PDT inhibited the viability of CCA, increased the content of ROS and MDA, and decreased the concentration of GSH. (A–C) Celltiter blue was used to detect the viability changes of RBE, HUCCT-1, and organoids after different concentrations of DVDMS-PDT (0–0.9 mM, 10 J/cm²). (D) The images of colony formation and histograms show that different concentrations of DVDMS-PDT inhibited the proliferation in RBE and HUCCT-1. (E, F) Flow cytometry and histograms show that ROS levels upregulated in RBE and HUCCT-1 cells after DVDMS-PDT (0–0.6 mM, 10 J/cm²) treatment. (G) MDA increased and (H) GSH decreased after DVDMS-PDT (0–0.6 mM, 10 J/cm²) treatment, respectively. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001.