Table 4. Univariable Cox Regression Analysis of Texture Parameters for Predicting RFS.
| Semi-Automatic | Fully Automatic | ROI Method | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Area/volume | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.024 | 1.001 (1.000–1.002) | 0.010 | 1.045 (1.019–1.073) | 0.001 | |
| Diameter | 1.011 (1.004–1.018) | 0.002 | 1.009 (1.003–1.016) | 0.004 | 1.012 (1.004–1.019) | 0.002 | |
| First-order | |||||||
| Mean | 0.972 (0.958–0.986) | < 0.001 | 0.977 (0.965–0.990) | 0.001 | 0.976 (0.963–0.990) | 0.001 | |
| Variance | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.836 | 0.999 (0.998–1.000) | 0.291 | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.609 | |
| Energy | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.493 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.064 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 0.037 | |
| Entropy | 0.706 (0.320–1.562) | 0.391 | 0.602 (0.266–1.360) | 0.222 | 0.730 (0.341–1.560) | 0.417 | |
| Skewness | 1.355 (0.774–2.372) | 0.288 | 0.725 (0.516–1.019) | 0.064 | 2.289 (0.866–6.047) | 0.095 | |
| Kurtosis | 1.007 (0.968–1.048) | 0.727 | 1.000 (0.963–1.039) | 0.987 | 1.467 (1.024–2.102) | 0.037 | |
| Uniformity | 7.556 (0.298–191.561) | 0.220 | 10.655 (0.344–330.459) | 0.177 | 7.032 (0.319–155.088) | 0.217 | |
| Second-order | |||||||
| GLCM IDM | 37.939 (0.254–5569.166) | 0.155 | 54.332 (0.312–9467.910) | 0.129 | 16.569 (0.192–1432.715) | 0.217 | |
| GLCM contrast | 0.603 (0.219–1.659) | 0.328 | 0.583 (0.222–1.534) | 0.275 | 0.716 (0.325–1.575) | 0.406 | |
| GLCM correlation | 1.030 (0.168–6.330) | 0.975 | 0.553 (0.096–3.194) | 0.508 | 1.220 (0.252–5.892) | 0.805 | |
| GLCM sum average | 1.022 (0.990–1.054) | 0.184 | 1.014 (0.998–1.041) | 0.282 | 1.030 (0.893–1.188) | 0.687 | |
| GLCM diff average | 0.264 (0.035–2.017) | 0.199 | 0.233 (0.030–1.822) | 0.165 | 0.377 (0.066–2.145) | 0.272 | |
| GLCM sum entropy | 0.714 (0.367–1.391) | 0.323 | 0.632 (0.315–1.268) | 0.196 | 0.781 (0.406–1.501) | 0.458 | |
| GLCM diff entropy | 0.344 (0.070–1.690) | 0.189 | 0.290 (0.056–1.507) | 0.141 | 0.468 (0.113–1.937) | 0.295 | |
| Shape | |||||||
| Compactness1 | 0.000 (0.000–48190.159) | 0.102 | 0.000 (0.000–1.342 × 1017) | 0.603 | 0.000 (0.000–1072388.411) | 0.169 | |
| Compactness2 | 0.035 (0.001–1.969) | 0.103 | 0.708 (0.031–15.939) | 0.828 | 0.138 (0.002–8.097) | 0.340 | |
| Elongation | 1.776 (0.194–16.276) | 0.611 | 1.758 (0.200–15.432) | 0.611 | 0.561 (0.118–2.672) | 0.468 | |
| Flatness* | 1.735 (0.244–12.337) | 0.582 | 0.354 (0.051–2.457) | 0.294 | 21.861 (2.423–197.203) | 0.006 | |
| Sphericity | 0.039 (0.001–1.931) | 0.103 | 0.372 (0.015–9.246) | 0.546 | 0.160 (0.015–1.669) | 0.125 | |
CI = confidence interval, diff = difference, GLCM = Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix, HR = hazard ratio, IDM = inverse difference moment, RFS = recurrence-free survival