Fig. 4. Subtype-specific differential gene expression and gene set overrepresentation analyses depicting common gene expression changes amongst different types of immune cells after vaccination.

a 11 major immune cell-type-specific DEGs identified by pseudo-bulk data produced by combinations of samples before and after vaccination. Genes with logFC > 0.5 and adjust P < 0.05 were included. b Overrepresentation analysis of HALLMARK gene sets from MSigDB amongst 11 major cell types demonstrated common changes in gene sets representing altered immunological states before and after vaccination. c, d UMAP visualization colored by average expression scores (levels) based on differential enrichment pathway. Box plot depicting the expression score distribution before and after vaccination.