Table 1.
Comparison between ECMO and non-ECMO patients.
| Total | ECMO (n = 74) | Non-ECMO (n = 94) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Gender (male %) | 105 (62.5%) | 46 (62.2%) | 59 (62.8%) | 0.936 |
| Age (years) (M.IQR) | 63 (55–71) | 58 (47–66) | 66 (60–76) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 78 (46.4%) | 30 (40.5%) | 48 (51.1%) | 0.175 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 (23.8%) | 22 (29.7%) | 18 (19.1%) | 0.110 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 36 (21.4%) | 21 (28.4%) | 15 (16%) | 0.051 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 8 (4.8%) | 2 (2.7%) | 6 (6.4%) | 0.266 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 (7.1%) | 8 (10.8%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.101 |
| Chronic liver disease | 13 (7.7%) | 8 (10.8%) | 5 (5.3%) | 0.186 |
| Digestive disease | 5 (3%) | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (4.3%) | 0.271 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 13 (7.7%) | 7 (9.5%) | 6 (6.4%) | 0.459 |
| Autoimmune and hematopathy | 4 (2.4%) | 0 | 4 (4.3%) | 0.072 |
| Solid tumor | 9 (5.4%) | 2 (2.7%) | 7 (7.4%) | 0.175 |
| Time from onset to admission (days) | 11 (7–18.5) | 10 (6–17.25) | 11 (7–20) | 0.154 |
| SOFA score | 8 (7–9) | 8 (6.75–9) | 8 (6.5–9.5) | 0.454 |
| Vital signs at admission | ||||
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 93 ± 19 | 95 ± 23 | 91 ± 16 | 0.175 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 0.885 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 125 ± 21 | 123 ± 23 | 127 ± 19 | 0.236 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 13 | 72 ± 14 | 75 ± 12 | 0.133 |
| Respiratory rate (beats per minute) | 23 ± 6 | 23 ± 6 | 22 ± 5 | 0.106 |
| Laboratory results at admission | ||||
| White Blood Cell (*109/L) | 10.8 ± 6.3 | 11.9 ± 6.2 | 9.9 ± 6.3 | 0.054 |
| Neutrophil (*109/L) | 9.59 ± 5.84 | 10.3 ± 5.9 | 8.7 ± 5.6 | 0.124 |
| Lymphocyte (cells/dL) | 710 ± 490 | 710 ± 410 | 710 ± 560 | 0.959 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.8 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.9 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.073 |
| Platelet (*109/L) | 129.8 ± 105.7 | 160 ± 93.6 | 194 ± 112 | 0.055 |
| Total Bilirubin (umol/L) | 17.6 ± 12.5 | 19.8 ± 15.6 | 15.8 ± 8.9 | 0.086 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 89.7 ± 82 | 77.1 ± 42.5 | 98.6 ± 100 | 0.143 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 83 ± 72.7 | 78.6 ± 81 | 87 ± 64 | 0.524 |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (mm/H) | 57.1 ± 35.3 | 60.4 ± 35.5 | 55.6 ± 35.8 | 0.592 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 1092 ± 1139 | 1668 ± 1819 | 861 ± 636 | 0.057 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) | 2.79 ± 7.97 | 3.27 ± 8.43 | 2.38 ± 7.59 | 0.518 |
| (1,3) - β - D-glucan (pg/ml) | 47.6 ± 38.4 | 48.6 ± 33 | 47.4 ± 39.8 | 0.939 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/ml) | 172.9 ± 484.9 | 319.7 ± 705.2 | 58.8 ± 79.5 | 0.008 |
| Interleukin-8 (pg/ml) | 49.6 ± 42.3 | 44.7 ± 41.7 | 55.9 ± 45.6 | 0.617 |
| Respiratory parameters | ||||
| At admission | ||||
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 81.5 ± 52.5 | 89.5 ± 45.7 | 74.5 ± 57.2 | 0.128 |
| FiO2 (%) | 65.5 ± 23.5 | 67 ± 25 | 64 ± 22 | 0.632 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 42.5 ± 18.7 | 49.3 ± 17.1 | 36.6 ± 18.1 | <0.0001 |
| PH value | 7.33 ± 0.42 | 7.22 ± 0.59 | 7.42 ± 0.09 | 0.015 |
| Before intubation | ||||
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 71.9 ± 40.3 | 82.1 ± 42.1 | 58.1 ± 33.7 | 0.007 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 46.9 ± 21.1 | 52.5 ± 18 | 40 ± 22.8 | 0.006 |
| Time from severe ARDS to intubation (days) | 1 (1–4) | 1 (1–6.25) | 1 (1–2.5) | 0.129 |
| Treatment strategies | ||||
| Inter-hospital Transfer | 54 (32.1%) | 31 (41.9%) | 23 (24.5%) | 0.016 |
| Vasoactive drugs | 148 (88.1%) | 72 (97.3%) | 76 (80.9%) | 0.001 |
| Anti-viral drugs | 79 (47%) | 34 (45.9%) | 45 (47.9%) | 0.804 |
| Cortical steroids | 142 (84.5%) | 68 (91.9%) | 74 (78.7%) | 0.019 |
| Tocilizumab | 7 (4.2%) | 7 (9.5%) | 0 | 0.002 |
| Prone position | 49 (29.2%) | 29 (39.2%) | 20 (21.3%) | 0.011 |
| Prognosis related parameters | ||||
| Co-infection of bacteria | 60 (35.7%) | 34 (45.9%) | 26 (27.7%) | 0.014 |
| ICU stays (days) | 18 (10–30.5) | 21 (12.75–33) | 15 (5–30) | 0.033 |
| Hospital stays (days) | 27 (12–39.75) | 32 (16–45.5) | 21.5 (12–34) | 0.006 |
| In-hospital Mortality | 133 (79.2%) | 53 (71.6%) | 80 (85.1%) | 0.033 |
M, mean; IQR, interquartile range; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU, intensive care unit.
*
P-value for the comparison between ECMO and non-ECMO group.