Table 2.

MicroRNAs involved in modulating key target genes of synaptic plasticity in AD.

miRNA	Target gene	Function	References
miR-34a	GRIN2B Syt-1 Stx-1A	Synaptic transmission reduced dendritic trees and alteration of DS morphology and function	Agostini et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2018; Sarkar et al., 2019
miR-210	NPTX1 AMPAR	Recruitment/clustering, synaptic transmission	Pulkkinen et al., 2008
miR-125b	GRIN2A EPHA4	Synaptic transmissionFormation of long and narrow DS filopodia-like, with a subsequently synaptic transmission weakening	Alsharafi et al., 2016 Edbauer et al., 2010
miR-181a	GRIA2	Synaptic transmission	Rodriguez-Ortiz et al., 2020
miRNA-574	Nrn1	DS stabilization leading to cognitive impairment	Li F. et al., 2015
miRNA-29a/b	Arpc3	Reducing the mushroom-shaped DS formation, and DS head enlargement, a fundamental step in synaptic maturation	Lippi et al., 2011
miRNA-135	CPLX1 CPLX2	Impairment of the postsynaptic exocytosis of AMPA receptors leading to DS shrinkage	Hu et al., 2014
miRNA-124	CREB	Serotonin-induced long-term synaptic plasticity	Rajasethupathy et al., 2009
miR-128	STIM2	Negative modulator of intracellular calcium	Deng et al., 2020
miR-92, miR-137, miR-501	GRIA1	Synaptic transmission	Letellier et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2015; Olde Loohuis et al., 2015
miR-9	REST	Synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and structuralRemodeling	Giusti et al., 2014
miR-132, miR-134	CREB1 MMP-9 BDNF	Transcription factors involved in synaptic plasticity Alterations in DS morphology and maturation	Mellios et al., 2011; Jasińska et al., 2016
miRNA-206	BDNF	Decreasing DS density	Lee et al., 2012
miRNA-218	GRIA2	Increasing the amplitude of synaptic currents and formation of thin DS	Rocchi et al., 2019
miRNA-30b	EphB2, SIRT1, GRIA2	Reduced basal synaptic transmission, impaired spatial learning and memory retention and DS density reduction	Song et al., 2019