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. 2021 Oct 12;12:645500. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645500

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Copyright © 2021 Zhao, Zhou, Dong, Zhang, Xie, Tian and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Rituximab (RTX) causes marked intestinal mucositis. (A) Schematic diagram of RTX administration and stool sample collection. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with RTX or normal saline on day 0 and then sacrificed on day 7. Feces were collected before and after treatment. (B) From day 0 to day 7, the body weights of mice in the control and RTX treatment groups were changed. (C) H&E staining of the ileum and colon (magnification, 40×). (D) Villus length of ileum and colon. (E) Expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and claudin in the ileum of mice treated with RTX or normal saline. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.