Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by established biomarker categories in the derivation cohort
| hsTnT (ng/L) | NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <6 (n = 633) | 6 to <10 (n = 1,700) | 10 to <14 (n = 1,343) | ≥14 (n = 2,430) | P value | <50 (n = 1,170) | 50 to <125 (n = 1,665) | 125 to <450 (n = 2,121) | ≥450 (n = 1,150) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 61 (55–65) | 63 (59–69) | 65 (60–71) | 67 (62–74) | <0.001 | 61 (56–66) | 64 (59–69) | 67 (61–72) | 69 (63–74) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 389 (61.5) | 746 (43.9) | 378 (28.1) | 511 (21.0) | <0.001 | 289 (24.7) | 581 (34.9) | 769 (36.3) | 385 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| White race | 447 (70.6) | 1,350 (79.4) | 1,101 (82.0) | 1,997 (82.2) | <0.001 | 899 (76.8) | 1,296 (77.8) | 1,742 (82.1) | 958 (83.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.3 (27.2–34.5) | 30.8 (27.7–34.7) | 30.7 (27.6–34.8) | 30.8 (27.7–35.0) | 0.218 | 31.1 (28.0–35.3) | 30.8 (27.7–34.5) | 30.5 (27.4–34.9) | 30.4 (27.3–34.5) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes history | ||||||||||
| Duration of T2DM, years | 7.2 (3.6–12.5) | 8.8 (4.4–14.8) | 10.2 (5.2–15.9) | 12.6 (6.8–20.2) | <0.001 | 8.0 (4.1–13.3) | 10.0 (5.3–15.7) | 10.7 (5.4–18.3) | 12.8 (6.8–20.3) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.5 (6.8–8.5) | 7.5 (6.9–8.6) | 7.6 (6.9–8.7) | 7.7 (7.0–8.9) | <0.001 | 7.7 (6.9–8.8) | 7.7 (6.9–8.8) | 7.5 (6.9–8.5) | 7.7 (6.9–8.7) | 0.029 |
| Baseline insulin use | 177 (28.0) | 578 (34.0) | 517 (38.5) | 1,233 (50.7) | <0.001 | 403 (34.4) | 662 (39.8) | 885 (41.7) | 555 (48.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 29 (4.6) | 149 (8.8) | 154 (11.5) | 412 (17.0) | <0.001 | 99 (8.5) | 182 (10.9) | 278 (13.1) | 185 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 39 (6.2) | 173 (10.2) | 182 (13.6) | 647 (26.6) | <0.001 | 123 (10.5) | 223 (13.4) | 369 (17.4) | 326 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 91 (80–98) | 84 (71–94) | 75 (62–89) | 64 (47–80) | <0.001 | 88 (75–96) | 81 (68–93) | 72 (57–86) | 58 (43–76) | <0.001 |
| UACR, mg/g | 8 (4–19) | 10 (5–30) | 14 (6–51) | 35 (10–178) | <0.001 | 9 (5–29) | 11 (5–38) | 18 (7–70) | 51 (14–279) | <0.001 |
| Other comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Coronary artery disease | 280 (44.2) | 943 (55.5) | 879 (65.5) | 1,728 (71.1) | <0.001 | 525 (44.9) | 896 (53.8) | 1,505 (71.0) | 904 (78.6) | <0.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 177 (28.0) | 575 (33.8) | 550 (41.0) | 1,068 (44.0) | <0.001 | 314 (26.8) | 550 (33.0) | 899 (42.4) | 607 (52.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 95 (15.0) | 168 (9.9) | 152 (11.3) | 371 (15.3) | <0.001 | 143 (12.2) | 223 (13.4) | 261 (12.3) | 159 (13.8) | 0.497 |
| Ischemic stroke | 68 (10.7) | 194 (11.4) | 144 (10.7) | 310 (12.8) | 0.207 | 128 (10.9) | 201 (12.1) | 234 (11.0) | 153 (13.3) | 0.200 |
| Prior heart failure | 34 (5.4) | 144 (8.5) | 153 (11.4) | 473 (19.5) | <0.001 | 57 (4.9) | 126 (7.6) | 273 (12.9) | 348 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 13 (2.1) | 79 (4.6) | 92 (6.9) | 286 (11.8) | <0.001 | 10 (0.9) | 54 (3.2) | 142 (6.7) | 264 (23.0) | <0.001 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 115 (18.2) | 390 (22.9) | 313 (23.3) | 630 (25.9) | <0.001 | 252 (21.5) | 362 (21.7) | 556 (26.2) | 278 (24.2) | 0.003 |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 67 (10.6) | 313 (18.4) | 342 (25.5) | 763 (31.4) | <0.001 | 97 (8.3) | 300 (18.0) | 641 (30.2) | 447 (38.9) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 423 (66.8) | 1,177 (69.3) | 968 (72.1) | 1,757 (72.3) | 0.014 | 816 (69.8) | 1,171 (70.4) | 1,491 (70.3) | 847 (73.7) | 0.139 |
| Hypertension | 471 (74.4) | 1,384 (81.4) | 1,137 (84.7) | 2,042 (84.1) | <0.001 | 919 (78.6) | 1,361 (81.7) | 1,785 (84.2) | 969 (84.3) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 85 (13.4) | 260 (15.3) | 186 (13.8) | 309 (12.7) | 0.129 | 211 (18.0) | 242 (14.5) | 265 (12.5) | 122 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | ||||||||||
| Heart rate, bpm | 72 (64–78) | 70 (63–78) | 69 (62–76) | 70 (62–78) | <0.001 | 72 (66–80) | 70 (63–78) | 68 (62–76) | 70 (63–78) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 135 (124–145) | 137 (126–146) | 138 (125–147) | 138 (125–149) | 0.007 | 135 (124–144) | 138 (125–147) | 138 (127–149) | 137 (123–148) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 (74–86) | 80 (73–86) | 80 (71–85) | 79 (70–85) | <0.001 | 81 (74–87) | 80 (73–86) | 80 (70–85) | 78 (70–85) | <0.001 |
Categorical variables are shown as counts and percentages, and continuous variables are shown as medians with 25th–75th percentiles. Differences in baseline characteristics between biomarker strata were evaluated with the Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.