TABLE 2.

Advances in bio nanomaterial applications in neurological studies.

Sr. No.	Biomaterial	Study model	Research outcome	References
1	Magnetic polylactic-co- glycolic acid (PGLA) scaffolds	Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) Rat models	Neural stem cells supported with a PLGA scaffold reduced the ischemic lesion volume in the cerebral cortex of rat models	Bible et al. (2012)
2	PLGA microcarriers	Ischaemic stroke rat model	Mesenchymal stem cell survival and proliferation	Quittet et al. (2015)
			Effective delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor
			Increased angiogenesis
3	Alginate conduit internal filler	50 mm gap sciatic nerve injury Cat model	Nerve regeneration and proliferation. A 50 mm sciatic nerve gap was reduced to 10 mm 7 weeks after surgery	Askarzadeh et al. (2020)
4	3D bioprinted methacrylated gelatin nerve conduits	In vitro study	Highly hydrophilic in nature. Can readily bind with nano-carriers and platelets to promote peripheral nerve regeneration
5	chitosan-polylactic acid (PLA) blend	In vitro study	Improves mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Reduced myofibroblast infiltration and scar tissue formation, and physically support regenerating nerves	Xie et al. (2008)
6	Silk fibroin-collagen blend matrix	10 mm gap sciatic nerve defects rat models	Adipose stem cells co-cultured with Schwann cells accelerated nerve regeneration	Xu et al. (2016)
7	Nanoliposomes like dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl serine and ganglioside	Rat models	Improved delivery of citicoline to the brain functional recovery and synaptic plasticity after COVid-19 related brain damage	Saghazadeh and Rezaei, (2021)
8	poly-l-lactic acid and gelatin scaffold	Rat models	Differentiation of neuronal stem cells into motor neurons	Binan et al. (2014)
9	Tri-layered silk scaffold	10 mm gap sciatic nerve defects rat models	No inflammation or scar formation was observed 2 weeks after repair indicating progressive axonal regrowth	Alessandrino et al. (2019)
10	Keratin and alginate scaffold	In vitro study	Improved mechanical properties of keratin scaffold. Improved peripheral nerve repair	Gupta and Nayak, (2016)