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. 2021 Oct 12;12:745901. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745901

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Copyright © 2021 Wolf , Westra and Tintle.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of slope coefficients from a simulation study approximating a covariate adjusted linear model for a product of phenotypes using pre-computed summary statistics (PCSS) and individual participant data (IPD). (A) Modeling the product of two continuous phenotypes while adjusting for a binary and a continuous covariate. (B) Modeling the product of two binary phenotypes while adjusting for a binary and a continuous covariate. (C) Modeling the product of three continuous phenotypes while adjusting for a binary covariate.