TABLE 2.
The electrochemical performances for Si-based anodes with various binders.
| Binder | Capacity (mAhg−1)/current/(mAg−1) | Binder content (wt%) | Capacity retention | Initial Coulombic efficiency (%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVDF | 2000/150 | 8 | >600 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 150 mA g−1 | — | Li et al. (2008) |
| PVDF | ∼3000/210 | 15 | 1900.6 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2C | 75.32 | Huang et al. (2021) |
| PAA | >3300/210 | ∼15 | 94% after 20 cycles at C/20 | — | Magasinski et al. (2010) |
| PAA | 3650/210 | 25 | 80% after 100 cycles at C/10 | 84.6 | Parikh et al. (2019) |
| CMC | 2656/210 | 15 | 2,373 mAh g−1 after 55 cycles at 0.2C | — | Wu and Li (2020) |
| CMC | ∼4000/150 | 8 | ∼300 mAh g−1 after 15 cycles at 150 mA g−1 | — | Lestriez et al. (2007) |
| SA | ∼2000/4200 | 15 | >1700 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 4,200 mA g−1 | — | Kovalenko et al. (2011) |
| PVA | ∼1300/— | 10 | ∼600 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at C/2 | — | Park et al. (2011) |
| CS | 4270/200 | 8 | 950 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 500 mA g−1 | 89 | Yue et al. (2014) |
| PAN | 4147.8/100 | 10 | 1,639.6 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 100 mA g−1 | 86.2 | Luo et al. (2016) |
| PI | 2077/200 | 10 | 75% after 20 cycles at 200 mA g−1 | 81 | Kim et al. (2013) |
| GA | 4056/— | 25 | 2,708 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at C/10 | 88.11 | Ling et al. (2015) |
| GG | 3364/1000 | 15 | 2,222 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 2,100 mA g−1 | 88.3 | Liu et al. (2015) |
| Alg-C | ∼1700/420 | 20 | ∼100% after 400 cycles at 2,100 mA g−1 | — | Ryou et al. (2013) |
| CS/rubber | ∼3600/400 | 15 | 1,350 mAh g−1 after 1,600 cycles at 8,000 mA g−1 | 81.4 | Lee et al. (2018) |
| PAA-NH3 | 711/210 | 10 | ∼60.2% after 100 cycles at C/3 | 96.5 | Shi et al. (2020) |
| β-CDp | 2142/420 | 20 | 1,471 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 4,200 mA g−1 | 85.9 | Jeong et al. (2014) |
| c-Alg-g-PAAm | ∼1160/— | 15 | 836 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles | — | Gendensuren and Oh (2018) |
| PVDF-b-PTFE | 1395/420 | 5 | ∼1,000 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1C | 82.7 | Wang et al. (2020) |
| c-PAA-CMC | ∼2900/175 | 20 | ∼2,100 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 300 mA g−1 | 88 | Koo et al. (2012) |
| PAA-PVA | 3616/400 | 20 | 2,283 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 400 mA g−1 | 86 | Song et al. (2014) |
| b-Li0.5PAA@SA | 2762/210 | 20 | 1,584 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.1C | ∼86 | Hu et al. (2021) |
| ReDNA/Alg | ∼2400/350 | 20 | ∼2000 mAh g−1 after 160 cycles at 1750 mA g−1 | 84.6 | Kim et al. (2018) |
| cxPAA-PEI(x) | ∼3500/210 | 20 | 2,606 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2C | 86.68 | Chuang et al. (2021) |
| CMC-co-SN | ∼3000/210 | 15 | 1,083 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 840 mA g−1 | 83.2 | Ren et al. (2021) |
| S-PA | 2736/— | 15 | 2,295 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 2,100 mA g−1 | ∼87 | Zhang et al. (2021) |
| SBR/CMC-PEG-Im-Zn2+ | ∼540/65 | 10 | 100.8% after 200 cycles at 325 mA g−1 | ∼97 | Kim et al. (2021) |
| PAA-FREP | ∼2800/300 | 15 | ∼2,400 mAh g−1 after 320 cycles at 1,000 mA g−1 | 85.7 | Liu et al. (2020) |
| PAA-UPy | 4194/210 | 20 | 2,638 mAh g−1 after 110 cycles at 840 mA g−1 | 86.4 | Zhang et al. (2018) |
| CS-grafted-PANI | 4417/— | 20 | 1,091 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1C | 72.4 | Rajeev et al. (2020) |
| c-PEO-PEDOT:PSS/PEI | 2440/1000 | 20 | 2027 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1,000 mA g−1 | 82.0 | Zeng et al. (2018) |
| PFPQ-COONa | 1925/210 | ∼33.3 | 901 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 2,100 mA g−1 | ∼71 | Zhao et al. (2018) |
| PPyMAA | 3928.8/420 | 10 | 2,200 mAh g−1 after 180 cycles at 420 mA g−1 | 82.08 | Zheng et al. (2019) |
| PR-PAA | 2971/100 | 10 | 91% after 150 cycles at 600 mA g−1 | 97.37 | Choi et al. (2017) |
| Alginate hydrogel | ∼2800/100 | 29 | 82.3% after 120 cycles at 420 mA g−1 | — | Liu et al. (2014) |
1C = 4,200 mA g−1.