Table 1.

Attributes used to define variable of interest (slum or non-slum)

Component of the UN-Habitat definition	Questions from PNS used identify presence/absence of component	Responses to questions indicative of component of slum definition
Urban setting (Ezeh et al., 2017)	Location of survey	Slums are an urban phenomenon Urban-dwelling respondents were considered for categorisation as slum residents
Overcrowding (UN-Habitat, 2015)	Number of rooms in household Number of household residents	A variable for overcrowding was derived and defined as 3 or more residents per habitable room
Lack of access to improved drinking water (UN-Habitat, 2015)	Main household water source Connection to water network (Y/N) Household access to piped water (Y/N)	Households drawing water from a ‘shallow water table or cacimba’, ‘source or spring’ or ‘other’ Households not connected to the general water distribution network Households to which water arrives non-piped
Lack of access to improved sanitation (UN-Habitat, 2015)	Presence of private bathroom for use of residents (Y/N) Uses a hole for excrement (Y/N) Destination of household drain Destination for household garbage	Households with 0 recorded private bathrooms/toilets Households who use a hole for excrement Households in which the bathroom drains into a ‘rudimentary pit; ditch; river, lake, stream or sea; other destination’
Lack of durable housing (UN-Habitat, 2015)	Material of household walls Material of household roof Material of household floor	Houses with walls made of ‘uncoated rammed earth’, ‘collected wood’. Roof made of ‘zinc, aluminium or sheet metal’. Floors made of ‘earth’

Note: Slum residents were defined as those who reported residing in an urban area and who met one or more of the other components of the modified UN-Habitat slum definition derived from PNS responses.