Figure 1.

Lutein biosynthesis pathways in the recombinant E. coli. FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate; crtE: GGPP synthase; crtB, phytoene synthase; crtI, carotenoid desaturase; LCYb, lycopene β-cyclase; LCYe, lycopene ε-cyclase; crtZ, β-carotene hydroxylase; CYP97C, cytochrome P450 97C.