Figure 8.

Fermentative production of lutein. (A) UPLC chromatogram of the extracts from E. coli strain 2 at 72 h. 1, zeaxanthin; 2, lutein; 3, zeinoxanthin; 4, α-carotene; 5, β-carotene. (B) Effect of temperature on fermentative production of lutein. 25°C, closed circle; 30°C, open square. (C) Growth curves for the previous production strain 1, open square; 2, open triangle and 3, open circle. (D) Yield of each carotenoid during fermentation of strain 1 (left), 2 (middle), 3 (right). (E) Growth curves for the production strain 2 with FeCl₃ at the concentration of 2 mM, closed circle, and 5 mM, cross mark. (F) Effect of the adding FeCl₃ in the culture medium of strain 2 at the concentration of 0.2 mM (left) and 0.5 mM (right). Values in the graphs in (D) and (F) showed yield of lutein (mg/l). Lutein, yellow; zeinoxanthin, orange; α-carotene, red; zeaxanthin, green; β-cryptoxanthin, light blue; β-carotene, blue; lycopene, purple.