. 2021 Sep 7;12(5):e01785-21. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01785-21

TABLE 2.

Mammalian adaptation mutations in H10Nx viruses (H3 numbering)

Protein	Strain	Subtype	Species	Infection type	Mutation(s)	Effect	Reference
HA	A/Seal/Sweden/SVA0546/2014	H10N7	Seal	Natural	351H, 379I, 398D	Mammalian adaptation in seals	102
	A/Jiangsu/428/2021	H10N3	Human	Natural	Q226L, E627K	Allows binding to both human- and avian-like receptors	8
	A/Mallard/Beijing/27/2011 (MA; BJ27-MA)	H10N7	Mouse	Laboratory	G218E	Affects both the receptor specificity and the pH of fusion	91
	A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013	H10N8	Human	Natural	A135T, K137R, S138A	Mammalian adaptation and increased virulence in HA	45
					Q226, S227, G228S	Change the binding preference from the α2,3 avian receptor to the α2,6 human receptor.
					E190	Allows binding to both human- and avian-like receptors
	A/Harbour seal/Netherlands/PV14-221_TS/2015	H10N7	Seal	Natural	Q226L, T224I, E74D	Mammalian adaptation in seals (Q226L); HA stabilization (T224I and E74D)	102
PB2	A/Mallard/Beijing/27/2011 (MA; BJ27-MA)	H10N7	Mouse	Laboratory	E158G	Mediates increased virus replication and severity of infection in mice and mammalian cells.	91
	A/Mallard/Beijing/27/2011 (MA; BJ27-MA)	H10N7	Mouse	Laboratory	M631L	Strongly upregulates viral polymerase activity and virus replication and severity in mice and mammalian cells	91
	A/Seal/Sweden/SVA0546/2014	H10N7	Seal	Natural	17C, 453S	Mammalian adaptation in seals	102
	A/Environment/Dongting Lake/Hunan/3-9/2007	H10N8	Environment	Natural	E627K	Enhanced polymerase activity	88
	A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013	H10N8	Human	Natural	E627K	Enhanced replication in ferrets and mammalian adaptation	114
	A/Duck/Fujian/1761/2010	H10N3	Mouse	Laboratory	E627K, Q591K	Mammalian adaptation and increased virulence in BALB/c mice	35
PB1	A/Seal/Sweden/SVA0546/2014	H10N7	Seal	Natural	752D	Mammalian adaptation in seals	102
PB1	A/Jiangsu/428/2021	H10N3	Human	Natural	V473D	Enhanced polymerase activity and increased replication in mammalian cells	8
PA	A/Seal/Sweden/SVA0546/2014	H10N7	Seal	Natural	192H	Mammalian adaptation in seals	102
M1	A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013	H10N8	Human	Natural	N30D, T215A	When occurring concurrently, increased virulence (as seen in H5N1)	114
M1	A/Jiangsu/428/2021	H10N3	Human	Natural	31N, 215A	Increased pathogenicity in mice	8
M2	A/Jiangsu/428/2021	H10N3	Human	Natural	31S	Increased amantadine resistance	8
NS1	A/Jiangxi-Donghu/346/2013	H10N8	Human	Natural	P42S	Increased pathogenicity in mice	114
NA	A/Harbour seal/Netherlands/PV14-221_TS/2015	H10N7	Seal	Natural	247I, 436T	Mammalian adaptation in seals	102
NA	A/Mallard/Beijing/27/2011 (MA; BJ27-MA)	H10N7	Mouse	Laboratory	K110E, S453I	Significantly promotes NA enzymatic activity and mammalian adaptation	91