Table 2. Indicators of under- and over-nutrition and the associated factors.
| Height-for-Age | ‡Weight-for-Age | BMI-for-Age | Individual DBM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stunted | Otherwise | Under-
weight |
Otherwise | Thinness | Normal | Overweight/
Obesity |
Present | Otherwise | |
| Overall Total | 419 (34.9) | 781 (65.1) | 72 (13.5) | 463 (86.5) | 123 (10.3) | 940 (78.3) | 137 (11.4) | 48 (4.0) | 1152 (96.0) |
|
State
Osun Gombe |
136 (22.7) 283 (47.2) |
464 (77.3) 317 (52.8) |
22 (7.4) 50 (21.0) |
275 (92.6) 188 (79.0) |
40 (6.7) 83 (13.8) |
464 (77.3) 476 (79.3) |
96 (16.0) 41 (6.8) |
36 (6.0) 12 (2.0) |
564 (94.0) 588 (98.0) |
| p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 | ||||||
|
Residence
Rural Urban |
206 (34.3) 213 (35.5) |
394 (65.7) 387 (64.5) |
38 (15.4) 34 (11.8) |
209 (84.6) 254 (88.2) |
77 (12.8) 46 (7.7) |
481 (80.2) 459 (76.5) |
42 (7.0) 95 (15.8) |
16 (2.7) 32 (5.3) |
584 (97.3) 568 (94.7) |
| p = 0.672 | p = 0.227 | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.018 * | ||||||
|
Age groups
6 – 9 years 10 – 13 years 14 – 16 years 17 – 19 years |
45 (11.1) 177 (43.8) 109 (51.7) 88 (49.4) |
362 (88.9) 227 (56.2) 102 (48.3) 90 (50.6) |
41 (10.1) 31 (24.2) |
366 (89.9) 97 (75.8) |
44 (10.8) 32 (7.9) 30 (14.2) 17 (9.6) |
294 (72.2) 325 (80.4) 169 (80.1) 152 (85.4) |
69 (17.0) 47 (11.6) 12 (5.7) 9 (5.1) |
12 (2.9) 20 (5.0) 11 (5.2) 5 (2.8) |
395 (97.1) 384 (95.0) 200 (94.8) 173 (97.2) |
| p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.309 | ||||||
|
Sex
Male Female |
251 (41.8) 168 (28.0) |
350 (58.2) 431 (72.0) |
34 (12.6) 38 (14.3) |
236 (87.4) 227 (85.7) |
67 (11.1) 56 (9.3) |
481 (80.0) 459 (76.6) |
53 (8.8) 84 (14.0) |
18 (3.0) 30 (5.0) |
583 (97.0) 569 (95.0) |
| p < 0.001 * | p = 0.554 | p = 0.014 * | p = 0.075 | ||||||
|
Ethnicity
Yoruba Igbo Hausa Fulani Minorities |
165 (25.8) 12 (31.6) 73 (48.7) 72 (49.0) 97 (42.9) |
474 (74.2) 26 (68.4) 77 (51.2) 75 (51.0) 129 (57.1) |
22 (7.2) 0 (0.0) 12 (22.6) 22 (33.3) 16 (17.2) |
283 (92.8) 18 (100.0) 41 (77.4) 44 (66.7) 77 (82.8) |
41 (6.4) 2 (5.3) 15 (10.0) 27 (18.4) 38 (16.8) |
506 (79.2) 34 (89.5) 127 (84.7) 106 (72.1) 167 (73.9) |
92 (14.4) 2 (5.3) 8 (5.3) 14 (9.5) 21 (9.3) |
37 (5.8) 1 (2.6) 3 (2.0) 3 (2.0) 4 (1.8) |
602 (94.2) 37 (97.4) 147 (98.0) 144 (98.0) 222 (98.2) |
| p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.022 * | ||||||
|
Household
wealth index Poorest Poorer Middle Richer Richest |
113 (47.1) 83 (34.4) 80 (32.1) 73 (30.9) 70 (29.9) |
127 (52.9) 158 (65.6) 169 (67.9) 163 (69.1) 164 (70.1) |
26 (25.5) 19 (16.2) 15 (13.4) 11 (10.0) 1 (1.1) |
76 (74.5) 98 (83.8) 97 (86.6) 99 (90.0) 93 (98.9) |
45 (18.8) 28 (11.6) 18 (7.2) 24 (10.2) 8 (3.4) |
169 (70.4) 180 (74.7) 208 (83.5) 191 (80.9) 192 (82.1) |
26 (10.8) 33 (13.7) 23 (9.2) 21 (8.9) 34 (14.5) |
13 (5.4) 10 (4.1) 6 (2.4) 12 (5.1) 7 (3.0) |
227 (94.6) 231 (95.9) 243 (97.6) 224 (94.9) 227 (97.0) |
| p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.373 | ||||||
|
Family type
Monogamous Polygamous |
346 (32.5) 73 (53.7) |
718 (67.5) 63 (46.3) |
54 (11.2) 18 (33.3) |
427 (88.8) 36 (66.7) |
107 (10.1) 16 (11.8) |
833 (78.3) 107 (78.7) |
124 (11.7) 13 (9.6) |
45 (4.2) 3 (2.2) |
1019 (95.8) 133 (97.8) |
| p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.667 | p < 0.001 * | ||||||
|
Mother’s
education < Secondary ≥ Secondary |
155 (41.4) 264 (32.0) |
219 (58.6) 562 (68.0) |
40 (24.5) 32 (8.6) |
123 (75.5) 340 (91.4) |
61 (16.3) 62 (7.5) |
283 (75.7) 657 (79.5) |
30 (8.0) 107 (13.0) |
12 (3.2) 36 (4.4) |
362 (96.8) 790 (95.6) |
| p = 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.346 | ||||||
|
Mother’s
Occupation Unemployed Employed |
105 (42.9) 314 (32.9) |
140 (57.1) 641 (67.1) |
26 (23.4) 46 (10.8) |
85 (76.6) 378 (89.2) |
47 (19.2) 76 (8.0) |
178 (72.7) 762 (79.8) |
20 (8.2) 117 (12.3) |
3 (1.2) 45 (4.7) |
242 (98.8) 910 (95.3) |
| p = 0.003 * | p = 0.001 * | p < 0.001 * | p = 0.013 * | ||||||
*statistically significant