Table 3. Factors associated with malnutrition among school-aged children and adolescents in two Nigerian States using multinomial logistic regression analysis.
| a THINNESS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Empty Model | Full Model | ||||||
| OR | p-value | 95% CI | aOR | p-value | 95% CI | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||
|
State
Gombe (R) Osun |
0.49 |
0.001 * |
0.33 |
0.74 |
1.05 |
0.910 |
0.42 |
2.62 |
|
Residence
Rural (R) Urban |
0.63 |
0.018 * |
0.43 |
0.92 |
0.79 |
0.280 |
0.51 |
1.22 |
|
Age groups
6 – 9 years (R) 10 – 13 years 14 – 16 years 17 – 19 years |
0.66 1.19 0.75 |
0.089 0.504 0.336 |
0.41 0.72 0.41 |
1.07 1.96 1.35 |
0.66 1.15 0.65 |
0.104 0.612 0.178 |
0.40 0.67 0.35 |
1.09 1.96 1.22 |
|
Sex
Male (R) Female |
0.88 |
0.491 |
0.60 |
1.28 |
0.91 |
0.619 |
0.61 |
1.34 |
|
Ethnicity
Yoruba (R) Igbo Hausa Fulani Minorities |
0.76 1.47 3.25 2.82 |
0.714 0.226 <0.001 * <0.001 * |
0.18 0.79 1.92 1.75 |
3.29 2.75 5.50 4.55 |
1.01 0.99 1.61 2.63 |
0.996 0.988 0.381 0.040 * |
0.21 0.34 .56 1.04 |
4.64 2.92 4.65 6.62 |
|
Wealth index
Poorest (R) Middle Richest |
0.45 0.16 |
<0.001 * <0.001 * |
0.30 0.07 |
0.69 0.34 |
0.55 0.25 |
0.016 * 0.002 * |
0.34 0.10 |
0.89 0.60 |
|
Family type
Monogamous (R) Polygamous |
1.16 |
0.597 |
0.66 |
2.04 |
0.82 |
0.508 |
0.45 |
1.49 |
|
Mother’s education
< Secondary (R) ≥ Secondary |
0.44 |
<0.001 * |
0.30 |
0.64 |
0.77 |
0.294 |
0.47 |
1.26 |
|
Mother’s Occupation
Employed (R) Unemployed |
2.51 |
<0.001 * |
1.68 |
3.74 |
1.64 |
0.047 * |
1.01 |
2.68 |
| a OVERWEIGHT | ||||||||
|
State
Gombe (R) Osun |
2.40 |
<0.001 * |
1.63 |
3.54 |
2.30 |
0.057 |
0.98 |
5.11 |
|
Residence
Rural (R) Urban |
2.37 |
<0.001 * |
1.61 |
3.48 |
2.63 |
<0.001 * |
1.68 |
4.61 |
|
Age groups
6 – 9 years (R) 10 – 13 years 14 – 16 years 17 – 19 years |
0.62 0.30 0.25 |
0.018 * <0.001 * <0.001 * |
0.41 0.16 0.12 |
0.92 0.57 0.52 |
0.61 0.32 0.31 |
0.020 * 0.001 * 0.002 * |
0.40 0.17 0.15 |
0.90 0.63 0.64 |
|
Sex
Male (R) Female |
1.66 |
0.007 * |
1.15 |
2.40 |
1.63 |
0.011 * |
1.12 |
2.45 |
|
Ethnicity
Yoruba (R) Igbo Hausa Fulani Minorities |
0.47 0.28 0.53 0.58 |
0.219 0.002 * 0.056 0.042 * |
0.14 0.13 0.27 0.35 |
1.56 0.62 1.02 0.98 |
0.58 0.66 0.80 1.35 |
0.405 0.496 0.707 0.536 |
0.16 0.20 0.25 0.52 |
2.09 2.17 2.56 3.48 |
|
Wealth index
Poorest (R) Middle Richest |
0.86 1.15 |
0.549 0.617 |
0.54 0.66 |
1.39 2.00 |
0.56 0.61 |
0.045 * 0.151 |
0.32 0.31 |
0.99 1.20 |
|
Family type
Monogamous (R) Polygamous |
0.82 |
0.511 |
0.45 |
1.50 |
1.35 |
0.386 |
0.68 |
2.68 |
|
Mother’s education
< Secondary (R) ≥ Secondary |
11.54 |
0.049 * |
1.00 |
2.36 |
1.05 |
0.869 |
0.61 |
1.81 |
|
Mother’s Occupation
Employed (R) Unemployed |
0.63 |
0.087 |
0.37 |
1.07 |
0.98 |
0.937 |
0.53 |
1.80 |
*Statistically significant OR – odds ratio; aOR – adjusted odds ratio; CI – confidence interval; R – reference value
a Base outcome or comparator was the “normal” category