FIG 4.

Relationship between autism-associated behavioral severity and gut microbiome beta diversity and alpha diversity in seven ASD individuals over time, using linear mixed effects models. Relationship between beta diversity, using unweighted UniFrac distances, and (a) change in lethargy/social withdrawal (LME estimate: 65.72; likelihood ratio test: P = 0.001, q = 0.006, χ² = 10.43) or (b) relationship between alpha diversity, using observed OTUs, and inappropriate speech (LME estimate: −0.036; likelihood ratio test: P = 0.033, q = 0.163, χ² = 4.57). ASD, autism spectrum disorder; OTU, operational taxonomic units; LME, linear mixed effects. Statistics summary found in Table S2.