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. 2021 Aug 30;2(10):895–906. doi: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00132

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Recent developments in wired-up bioelectrical interfaces. (a) Multifunctional neural probes with electrical, optical, and microfluidic interrogation capability. Reproduced from ref (23). Copyright 2021 Springer Nature. (b) Modified porous platinum electrode surface with nanoscale bumps and gaps which were found to enhance cell adhesion and sealing. This surface modification method is applicable to large-scale multielectrode arrays (inset). Reproduced from ref (25). Copyright 2018 Springer Nature. (c) Biomaterial scaffolds with built-in electronics. Reproduced from ref (26). Copyright 2012 Springer Nature. (d) SEM image showing the stimulation/recording electrode was covered by a dense network of electrospun fibers as the scaffold for tissue regeneration and biological modulation. Reproduced from ref (27). Copyright 2016 Springer Nature. (e) Schematics of serpentine interconnects-enabled stretchable mesh MEAs and (f) its incorporation with an organoid. Reproduced from ref (28). Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.