Table 1.
Global number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and years lived with disability of fractures by anatomical site and sex in 2019, and percentage change from 1990 to 2019
|
Incidence (millions) |
Prevalence (millions) |
Years lived with disability (millions) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Percentage change, 1990–2019 (%) | 2019 | Percentage change, 1990–2019 (%) | 2019 | Percentage change, 1990–2019 (%) | |
| Fractures | ||||||
| Females | 76·4 (68·7–85·3) | 43·3% (39·0–47·8) | 200 (188–213) | 76·7% (74·1–79·6) | 11·5 (7·96–15·8) | 71·3% (68·3–74·4) |
| Males | 102 (93·4–111) | 26·8% (23·8–30·1) | 255 (240–272) | 65·2% (62·7–67·5) | 14·4 (9·84–20·1) | 60·8% (58·0–63·4) |
| Both | 178 (162–196) | 33·4% (30·1–37·0) | 455 (428–484) | 70·1% (67·5–72·5) | 25·8 (17·8–35·8) | 65·3% (62·4–68·0) |
| Fracture of skull | ||||||
| Females | 2·44 (1·82–3·37) | 20·9% (6·3–29·9) | 1·26 (1·13–1·48) | 76·2% (66·8–84·3) | 0·0833 (0·0570–0·120) | 72·8% (62·7–81·8) |
| Males | 5·16 (4·08–6·56) | 16·4% (6·9–23·8) | 1·92 (1·71–2·19) | 59·2% (51·8–66·3) | 0·130 (0·0873–0·186) | 57·0% (49·1–65·4) |
| Both | 7·59 (5·91–9·87) | 17·8% (7·1–25·7) | 3·18 (2·85–3·66) | 65·5% (57·6–73·1) | 0·213 (0·144–0·308) | 62·8% (54·7–71·1) |
| Fracture of facial bones | ||||||
| Females | 3·53 (2·66–4·71) | 23·4% (11·3–32·2) | 0·767 (0·648–0·925) | 49·4% (40·0–57·2) | 0·0491 (0·0302–0·0720) | 47·2% (37·2–55·3) |
| Males | 7·14 (5·81–8·87) | 17·5% (9·4–23·7) | 1·36 (1·16–1·60) | 37·9% (31·0–44·1) | 0·0885 (0·0542–0·130) | 36·6% (29·5–43·2) |
| Both | 10·7 (8·50–13·5) | 19·4% (10·3–26·3) | 2·13 (1·82–2·51) | 41·8% (33·9–48·3) | 0·138 (0·0843–0·201) | 40·2% (32·3–47·1) |
| Fracture of sternum or fracture of one or more ribs, or both | ||||||
| Females | 1·50 (1·02–2·26) | 52·5% (41·7–64·5) | 0·741 (0·657–0·851) | 72·3% (67·4–76·9) | 0·0709 (0·0474–0·101) | 70·3% (64·6–75·6) |
| Males | 2·61 (1·91–3·59) | 39·1% (32·1–46·8) | 1·24 (1·11–1·40) | 59·6% (55·4–63·5) | 0·120 (0·0809–0·171) | 58·0% (53·5–63·0) |
| Both | 4·11 (2·97–5·82) | 43·7% (35·7–52·8) | 1·98 (1·77–2·26) | 64·1% (59·8–67·9) | 0·191 (0·128–0·272) | 62·4% (57·8–66·9) |
| Fracture of clavicle, scapula, or humerus | ||||||
| Females | 8·50 (6·53–10·9) | 38·4% (28·2–46·2) | 3·45 (3·04–3·96) | 69·7% (62·7–76·3) | 0·114 (0·0692–0·179) | 67·4% (60·3–74·3) |
| Males | 10·8 (8·78–13·2) | 24·6% (15·2–31·4) | 3·95 (3·47–4·50) | 53·6% (46·4–60·2) | 0·133 (0·0818–0·207) | 52·0% (44·6–59·0) |
| Both | 19·3 (15·3–24·0) | 30·3% (20·9–37·2) | 7·40 (6·50–8·46) | 60·7% (53·8–67·2) | 0·247 (0·151–0·386) | 58·8% (51·8–65·6) |
| Fracture of radius or ulna, or both | ||||||
| Females | 15·0 (11·5–19·5) | 37·7% (30·5–43·6) | 3·08 (2·55–3·79) | 57·2% (51·2–63·3) | 0·103 (0·0631–0·159) | 60·6% (54·4–67·8) |
| Males | 15·7 (13·0–19·0) | 23·4% (17·1–28·2) | 3·19 (2·69–3·77) | 42·4% (36·8–47·8) | 0·107 (0·0665–0·166) | 46·4% (40·3–53·0) |
| Both | 30·7 (24·5–38·6) | 30·0% (23·4–34·9) | 6·27 (5·25–7·55) | 49·3% (43·6–54·7) | 0·210 (0·131–0·325) | 53·0% (47·2–59·4) |
| Fracture of hand, wrist, or other distal part of hand | ||||||
| Females | 6·71 (5·11–8·61) | 28·1% (20·4–34·7) | 9·51 (8·79–10·4) | 76·5% (72·4–80·7) | 0·120 (0·0633–0·208) | 76·2% (72·2–80·7) |
| Males | 12·3 (10·0–14·9) | 16·6% (11·5–21·0) | 14·2 (13·2–15·5) | 60·8% (57·2–64·8) | 0·181 (0·0962–0·314) | 61·3% (57·8–65·9) |
| Both | 19·0 (15·2–23·5) | 20·4% (14·8–25·5) | 23·7 (22·0–25·8) | 66·7% (63·1–70·5) | 0·301 (0·160–0·522) | 66·9% (63·3–71·2) |
| Fracture of vertebral column | ||||||
| Females | 3·68 (2·71–5·04) | 47·9% (29·4–60·2) | 2·53 (2·19–2·97) | 90·7% (78·3–100·9) | 0·257 (0·173–0·361) | 86·8% (74·5–97·1) |
| Males | 4·90 (3·87–6·28) | 30·9% (18·5–40·2) | 2·80 (2·39–3·25) | 69·0% (59·1–78·2) | 0·292 (0·194–0·409) | 66·2% (56·5–75·5) |
| Both | 8·58 (6·64–11·3) | 37·7% (23·0–48·0) | 5·33 (4·59–6·21) | 78·7% (68·0–88·1) | 0·548 (0·370–0·767) | 75·3% (64·7–84·7) |
| Fracture of pelvis | ||||||
| Females | 2·86 (2·01–4·08) | 52·8% (30·8–70·3) | 8·37 (7·60–9·61) | 66·3% (62·4–71·8) | 1·42 (1·00–1·97) | 64·4% (60·7–69·7) |
| Males | 3·18 (2·42–4·20) | 30·5% (12·4–44·3) | 10·4 (9·50–11·9) | 59·8% (55·7–65·8) | 1·80 (1·27–2·46) | 57·7% (53·7–63·4) |
| Both | 6·04 (4·44–8·30) | 40·2% (20·9–55·2) | 18·8 (17·1–21·5) | 62·6% (58·9–68·1) | 3·22 (2·27–4·43) | 60·6% (57·0–65·8) |
| Fracture of hip | ||||||
| Females | 8·14 (6·18–10·6) | 107·4% (87·5–120·8) | 13·8 (12·6–15·3) | 120·3% (112·0–126·3) | 1·65 (1·15–2·19) | 71·8% (59·9–83·2) |
| Males | 6·11 (4·92–7·53) | 76·0% (54·8–90·4) | 9·82 (8·89–11·1) | 104·2% (91·7–112·3) | 1·29 (0·885–1·75) | 50·2% (38·1–61·4) |
| Both | 14·2 (11·1–18·1) | 92·7% (71·9–106·7) | 23·6 (21·6–26·3) | 113·3% (102·8–120·1) | 2·94 (2·03–3·96) | 61·6% (49·6–73·1) |
| Fracture of femur, other than femoral neck | ||||||
| Females | 6·75 (5·26–8·63) | 56·7% (41·5–69·5) | 21·1 (19·5–23·1) | 106·8% (101·6–112·1) | 0·890 (0·595–1·27) | 99·0% (92·1–105·4) |
| Males | 7·89 (6·48–9·59) | 35·1% (24·1–44·2) | 22·1 (20·3–23·9) | 92·4% (86·8–97·9) | 0·961 (0·641–1·37) | 83·4% (75·8–90·5) |
| Both | 14·6 (11·9–18·0) | 44·3% (31·5–54·6) | 43·2 (39·8–46·8) | 99·2% (93·7–104·5) | 1·85 (1·23–2·64) | 90·6% (83·4–97·3) |
| Fracture of patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle | ||||||
| Females | 13·4 (10·8–16·9) | 40·9% (34·8–46·2) | 127 (118–139) | 70·5% (68·2–73·2) | 6·52 (4·28–9·44) | 69·3% (66·9–72·0) |
| Males | 19·3 (16·0–23·0) | 30·7% (25·2–35·6) | 172 (161–185) | 62·2% (59·9–64·3) | 8·99 (5·89–13·0) | 61·3% (59·0–63·7) |
| Both | 32·7 (26·9–39·7) | 34·7% (29·0–39·4) | 300 (279–323) | 65·6% (63·3–67·8) | 15·5 (10·2–22·6) | 64·6% (62·3–66·9) |
| Fracture of foot bones except ankle | ||||||
| Females | 3·90 (2·81–5·29) | 26·7% (15·7–33·9) | 7·75 (7·03–8·79) | 76·9% (72·1–82·3) | 0·189 (0·116–0·295) | 75·1% (70·6–81·5) |
| Males | 6·78 (5·22–8·67) | 18·2% (11·1–23·6) | 11·7 (10·6–12·9) | 66·4% (61·9–71·5) | 0·290 (0·176–0·455) | 65·2% (60·6–71·1) |
| Both | 10·7 (8·07–14·0) | 21·1% (12·7–26·7) | 19·4 (17·8–21·7) | 70·4% (66·1–75·6) | 0·480 (0·291–0·750) | 68·9% (64·6–74·8) |
Values in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. Counts are given to three significant figures and percentage changes to one decimal place.