Co-occurrence networks and interacting core taxa in VTiF profiles. (A) All networks are shown, with each bacterial taxon and co-occurrence relationship indicated by a node and an edge, respectively. Active taxa are indicated with bold circles, and interactions with significant co-occurrence are indicated with bold lines. Interacting core taxa are indicated in red text for each status. The gingivitis microbiome network is presented as three subgroups according to their characteristics. (B) VTiF with significant differences between rc-rRNA and mRNA. Interacting core taxa are shown with star symbols (red, taxa constituted interacting core taxa in periodontitis sites; orange, taxa constituted interacting core taxa in gingivitis sites; blue, taxa constituted interacting core taxa in healthy sites).