Table 1.
Side-by-side comparison of the analytical features of different colorimetric-based sensors developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
| Sensor | LOD | Target | Technique | Concentration range | Time (min) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AuNano-cys/ACE2 on cotton swab (COLOR) | 0.154 pg mL−1 | SARS-CoV-2 SP | Colorimetric | 1×10−12 to 1×10−6 g mL−1 | 5 | This work |
| SARS-CoV-2@fAuNPs | Ct value: 36.5 | Antibody (S, E, and M) | Colorimetric | 7.0 to 30.0 Ct | 3 | 4 |
| Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) | ND | COVID-19 IgG and IgM antibody | Colorimetric | ND | 15 | 5 |
| AuNPs- RNA | 0.18 ng μL−1 | SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Colorimetric | 0.2–3 ng μL−1 | 10 | 27 |
| DNAzyme and SARS-CoV-2 RNA | 0.01 ng mL−1 | SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Colorimetric | 101–107 copies mL−1 | ±5 | 28 |
| (MPNs) | 3.2 gene copies μL−1 | SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Fluorescence | 3.2 gene copies μL−1 | 17 | 29 |
| RT-LAMP | 0.75 RNA copies μL−1 | SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Colorimetric | 0.2–47 ng μL−1 | 15–40 | 30 |
| LAMP | 50 RNA copies μL−1 | SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Fluorescence | 50 RNA copies μL−1 | >40 | 31 |
| Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) | 0.65 ng mL−1 | Biotinylated antibody | Colorimetric | 0.53 to 0.77 ng mL−1 | ND | 32 |
| Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) | 1 pg mL−1 | Protein-anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG | Colorimetric | 10–0.001 ng mL−1 | 25 | 33 |
| Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) | (IgG) 0.121 U L−1 and (IgM) 0.366 U L−1 | Antibody IgG and IgM | Fluorescent | ND | 15 | 34 |
Antibody (S, E, and M) spike, envelope, and membrane, SARS-CoV-2 (spike, envelope, and membrane), gold nanoparticles (AuNP), functionalized AuNanos (f-AuNPs), ribonucleic acid (RNA), magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles (MPNs); (RT-LAMP) transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
ND: not described.