Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and baseline information of critically ill patients at TASH adult ED, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020
| Variables | Frequency (n = 102) | Percent (%) | ICU admission | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | Mean ± SD | 40.4 ± 17.7 | Prolonged | On-time | ||
| < 18 | 8 | 7.8 | 6 (7.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| 18–50 | 59 | 57.8 | 50 (58.1%) | 9 (56.3%) | ||
| > 50 | 35 | 34.3 | 30 (34.9%) | 5 (31.3%) | ||
| Sex | Male | 61 | 59.8 | 55 (64.0%) | 6 (37.5%) | |
| Female | 41 | 40.2 | 31 (36.0%) | 10 (62.5%) | ||
| Residence | Addis Ababa | 62 | 60.8 | 50 (58.1%) | 12 (75.0%) | |
| Oromia | 26 | 25.5 | 24 (27.9%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Othera | 14 | 13.7 | 12 (14.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Source of referral | Self | 34 | 33.3% | 26 (30.2%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
| Another governmental hospital | 53 | 52.0% | 46 (53.5%) | 7 (43.8%) | ||
| Othersb | 15 | 14.8 | 14 (16.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Trauma | Yes | 10 | 9.8 | 10 (11.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| No | 92 | 90.2 | 76 (88.4%) | 16 (100.0%) | ||
| NEWS score | 5–6 | 10 | 9.8 | 9 (10.5%) | 1 (6.3%) | |
| ≥ 7 | 92 | 90.2 | 77 (89.5%) | 15 (93.7%) | ||
| Past medical illness(n = 102) | Yes | 75 | 73.5 | 62 (72.1%) | 13 (81.3%) | |
| No | 27 | 26.5 | 24 (28.0%) | 3 (18.8%) | ||
| Types of past medical illness (n = 75) | Chronic kidney disease | 4 | 5.3 | 4 (4.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 3 | 4.0 | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Renal stone | 2 | 2.7 | 2 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Chronic valvular heart disease | 8 | 10.7 | 7 (8.1%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Chronic atrial fibrillation | 4 | 5.3 | 2 (2.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 5 | 6.7 | 3 (3.5%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 9 | 12.0 | 6 (7.0%) | 3 (18.8%) | ||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 2 | 2.7 | 2 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Rheumatic heart disease | 4 | 5.3 | 4 (4.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Esophageal carcinoma | 1 | 1.3 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | 4 | 5.3 | 2 (2.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 8 | 10.7 | 6 (7.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Breast cancer | 3 | 4.0 | 3 (3.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Colorectal cancer | 5 | 6.7 | 4 (4.7%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Tracheobronchial tumor | 1 | 1.3 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Thyroid cancer | 1 | 1.3 | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Bladder cancer | 1 | 1.3 | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Othersc | 10 | 13.3 | 7 (8.1%) | 3 (18.8%) | ||
|
Managements provided at TASH emergency department Notes: multiple answers were possible |
Non-invasive ventilator support | 67 | 70.5 | 62 (72.1%) | 5 (31.5%) | |
| Endotracheal intubation | 21 | 22.1 | 19 (22.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Both non-invasive ventilator support and endotracheal intubation | 7 | 7.4 | 4 (4.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | ||
| Initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic | 87 | 85.3 | 75 (87.2%) | 12 (75.0%) | ||
| Initiation of vasopressor | 34 | 33.3 | 27 (31.4%) | 7 (43.8%) | ||
| On monitoring | 102 | 100.0 | 86 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | ||
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | 6 | 5.9 | 5 (5.8%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Diagnosis at the red zone of ED | Trauma | 7 | 6.9 | 7 (8.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Septic shock | 30 | 29.4 | 24 (27.9%) | 6 (37.5%) | ||
| Acute respiratory failure requires ventilator support | 34 | 33.3 | 30 (34.9%) | 4 (25.0%) | ||
| Acute kidney injury | 7 | 6.9 | 6 (7.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | ||
| Ventricular tachycardia | 6 | 5.9 | 4 (4.6%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||
| Ventricular fibrillation | 2 | 1.9 | 2 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Others$ | 16 | 15.7 | 13 (15.1% | 3 (18.8%) | ||
Othera; Amhara, SNNPR, Tigray & Afar, Othersb; Private health facility, Public health centre, othersc; Endocrine, Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Central nervous system, others$; Stroke, meningitis, other types of shock, Neutropenic fever and Tetanus