Delivery efficiency and cell viability at different laser fluences and gold disk sizes are shown in overlaid images (a-d) of 0.6 kDa calcein delivery (green), Hoechst dye (blue), and PI dye (red). Delivery results under different laser fluence at (a) 7 mJ/cm2, and (b) 21.2 mJ/cm2, respectively, both on 1-μm wide nanodisk arrays. Delivery results using different sizes of gold nanodisk arrays of (c) 2 μm and (d) 10 μm widths, respectively, both under laser fluence of 7 mJ/cm2. (e) Delivery efficiencies and viabilities after 90 min as a function of laser fluence on 1-μm wide nanodisk arrays. Error bars represented standard error mean (s.e.m.) (n = ~2,500 cells for all tests). (f) Delivery efficiencies and viabilities with different sizes of gold nanodisk arrays at 7 mJ/cm2. Error bars, s.e.m. (n = ~1,900 cells for all tests). (g) Delivery efficiencies and viabilities with different cargoes at 11 mJ/cm2 on 1-μm wide nanodisk arrays. Error bars, s.e.m. (n = ~2,000 cells for all tests). Scale bars: 100 μm.