TABLE 1.

The Open-Source CRediT Taxonomy

Role	Definition
Conceptualization	Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims
Data curation	Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), clean data, and maintain research data (including software code, where necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse
Formal analysis	Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data
Funding acquisition	Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to publication
Investigation	Conduct of a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments or data/evidence collection
Methodology	Development or design of methodology; creation of models
Project administration	Management and coordination responsibility for research activity planning and execution
Resources	Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, and other analysis tools
Software	Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components
Supervision	Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team
Validation	Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separately, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs
Visualization	Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation
Writing—original draft	Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)
Writing— reviewing and editing	Preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work by members of original research group, specifically critical review, commentary, or revision, including pre- and post-publication stages

Note: CRediT = Contributor Roles Taxonomy