. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 26.

Published in final edited form as: Scholarsh Pract Undergrad Res. 2020 Fall;4(1):41–51. doi: 10.18833/spur/4/1/3

TABLE 4.

Pretest and Posttest Means, Student Trainees, Differences within Subjects

Role	Within subject means
	Time 1 Spring RLC placement Year 1	Time 2 Spring RLC placement Year 2	Difference of means	N
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Investigation	2.12 (0.99)	2.18 (0.81)	0.06	33
Data curation	2.03 (1.15)	1.97 (0.98)	−0.06	29
Formal analysis	1.36 (1.03)	1.91 (0.88)	0.55^a	33
Visualization	1.52 (1.12)	1.88 (0.78)	0.36	33
Conceptualization	1.52 (0.83)	1.64 (0.60)	0.12	33
Writing—original draft	1.25 (1.05)	1.66 (1.07)	0.41	32
Validation	1.34 (1.08)	1.31 (0.81)	−0.03	29
Methodology	1.24 (0.94)	1.39 (0.93)	0.15	33
Writing—review and edit	1.16 (0.88)	1.38 (1.10)	0.22	32
Project administration	1.16 (0.99)	1.59 (0.84)	0.43	32
Resources	0.65 (0.88)	1.35 (0.98)	0.70^a	31
Software	0.48 (0.48)	0.91 (1.04)	0.43^a	33
Supervision	0.52 (0.52)	0.90 (0.91)	0.38^a	31
Funding acquisition	0.39 (0.70)	0.58 (0.94)	0.19	33
All roles	1.19 (1.07)	1.47 (1.00)	0.28^a

Note: N = 33

Statistically significant at p < 0.05.