Fig. 2.

Illustration of key features of our age-structured COVID-19 model for Malaysia informed by population size, population mixing and mobility data. (A) Unstratified SEIR model structure, coloured by infectiousness of each state (blue = non-infectious; pink = moderately infectious; red = highly infectious). (B) Heterogeneous mixing matrices by age and location in the absence of non-pharmaceutical interventions showing the average number of daily contacts between individuals of two given age groups (brighter colours indicate higher contact rates). (C) Stratification by clinical status (similar colour scheme to that in A and columns represent stratification of compartments E₂, I₁, and I₂). (D) Vaccine effects (turquoise bold arrows) for infection-preventing and severity-preventing vaccines. (E) Starting population age distribution. (F) Community quarantine driven mobility adjustments applied to the mixing matrices (before seven-day moving average smoothing). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)