Table 2.
Prevalence of use by substance for improving academic performance.
| Substance | Ever used | Used in the last 6 months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | |
| Caffeine | 479 | 70 | (66.3, 73.3) | 416 | 61 | (57, 64.4) |
| Alcohol | 42 | 6 | (4.5, 8.2) | 25 | 4 | (2.4, 5.3) |
| Dietary supplements | 218 | 32 | (28.3, 35.5) | 161 | 24 | (20.4, 26.9) |
| Prescription stimulants1 | 28 | 4 | (2.7, 5.9) | 11 | 2 | (0.8, 2.9) |
| Other prescription substances | 19 | 3 | (2.7, 4.3) | 15 | 2 | (1.2, 3.6) |
| Illicit substances | 28 | 4 | (2.7, 5.9) | 19 | 3 | (1.7, 4.3) |
| Controlled substances2 | 67 | 10 | (7.7, 12.3) | 42 | 6 | (4.5, 8.2) |
| Any substance | 545 | 80 | (76.3, 82.5) | 481 | 70 | (66.6, 73.6) |
Notes: 1Excludes people with a diagnosis of ADHD.
2
Prescription stimulant, other prescription substance and illicit substance combined.