Figure 7. Functional analyses on adult cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from wild-type (WT) and myopalladin knockout (MKO) male mice 7 days after transaortic constriction (TAC) or SHAM surgery.

(A–C) Sarcomere shortening, time to 90% peak, and time to 50% relaxation (n = 62 cells from nine WT mice and 71 cells from seven MKO mice). (D–F) Amplitude of Ca²⁺ transient, time to 90% peak of Ca²⁺ transient, and time to 50% decay of Ca²⁺ transient (n = 29 cells from eight WT mice and 16 cells from six MKO mice). (G) Representative Ca²⁺ spark images from WT and MKO male mice subjected to TAC or SHAM for 7 days. (H–M) Ca²⁺ spark frequency, amplitude, velocity of Ca²⁺ release (derivative; dF/dt), time to peak, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and tau (n = 355 sparks from 33 cells from three WT SHAM mice, 403 sparks from 27 cells from three MKO SHAM mice, 462 sparks from 31 cells from three WT TAC mice, and 429 sparks from 33 cells from three MKO TAC mice). Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) as determined by hierarchical analysis (Sikkel et al., 2017). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; two- or three-level hierarchical testing with Bonferroni correction, as appropriate.