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. 2021 Oct 22;14:5115–5129. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S329383

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Inter-domain communications occur among host-gene expression, host miRNA expression, and host gut microbiome. Different miRNA species regulate host gene expression via complementary binding to host mRNA, and the gut microbiome regulates host miRNA expression via MyD88-dependent pathway or microbiome-derived metabolites. Alternatively, the host influences the gut microbiota by releasing host miRNAs in extracellular vesicles, taking up microbes, and altering the gut microbiome.