Table 2.
Inactivation of viruses by different types of chemical disinfectants.
| Disinfection | Concentration | Virus | Strain isolate | Contact time | Reduction of viral infectivity (log10) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol | 95% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 30 s | ≥5.5 | [23] |
| Ethanol | 80% | MERS-CoV | Strain EMC | 30 s | >4.0 | [24] |
| Ethanol | 70% | Poliovirus | Strain Sabin | 1 min | 2.1 | [16] |
| Ethanol | 70% | Adenovirus | Type 5 | 1 min | 2.4 | [16] |
| 2-Propanol | 100% | SARS-CoV-2 | Isolate FFM-1 | 30 s | ≥3.31 | [23] |
| 2-Propanol | 70% | SARS-CoV-2 | Isolate FFM-1 | 30 s | ≥3.31 | [23] |
| Desderman (78% ethanol) | 78% | SARS-CoV-2 | Isolate FFM-1 | 30 s | ≥5.01 | [23] |
| Sterillium (45% 2-propanol and 30% 1-propanol) | 45% and 30% | SARS-CoV-2 | Isolate FFM-1 | 30 s | ≥2.78 | [23] |
| Hydrogen peroxide | Vapor of unknown concentration | TGEV | Purdue strain type 1 | 2-3 h | 4.9–5.3 | [25] |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 0.5% | HCoV | Strain 229E | 1 min | >4.0 | [26] |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 0.5% | Influenza A virus | PR-8 | 1 min | >4.75 | [26] |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 0.5% | HCoV | Type 37 | 1 min | >4.25 | [26] |
| Benzalkonium chloride | 0.04% | HCoV | Strain 229E | 1 min | <3.0 | [27] |
| Didecyldimethylammonium chloride | 0.0025% | CCV | Strain S378 | 3 d | >4.0 | [28] |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 2500 ppm | Poliovirus | Strain Sabin | 10 min | 4.5 | [16] |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 2500 ppm | Adenovirus | Type 5 | 10 min | ND | [16] |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 10 ppm | CCV | SP-80 strain | 10 min | 0.9 | [17] |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 100 ppm | CCV | SP-80 strain | 10 min | 1.05 | [17] |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 0.5–0.6% | Ebola virus | — | 10 min | 1.1 | [29] |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 0.5% | HIV | — | 1 min | ≥7 | [29] |
| Formaldehyde | 0.7% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 2 min | >3.01 | [18] |
| Formaldehyde | 1% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 2 min | >3.01 | [18] |
| Glutaraldehyde | 0.5% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 2 min | >4.01 | [18] |
| Glutaraldehyde | 2% | HCoV | Strain 229E | 1 min | >3.0 | [27] |
| Glucoprotamin | 26% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 2 min | >1.68 | [27] |
| Magnesium monoperphthalate | 0.5% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 30 min | >4.5 | [27] |
| PVP-I surgical scrub (7.5 g/L available iodine) | 7.5 g/L | MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 15 s | 4.64 | [30] |
| PVP-I skin cleanser (4 g/L available iodine) | 4 g/L | MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 15 s | 4.97 | [30] |
| PVP-I gargle and mouthwash (1 g/L available iodine) | 1 g/L | MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 15 s | 4.30 | [30] |
| Povidone-iodine | 0.23% | SARS-CoV | Isolate FFM-1 | 15 s | 4.60 | [4] |
| Povidone-iodine | 0.23% | MERS-CoV | Isolate HCoV-EMC/2012 | 15 s | 4.40 | [4] |
| Povidone-iodine | 0.23% | Influenza virus A | H1N1 | 15 s | 5.67 | [4] |
ND: not done; SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; MHV: mouse hepatitis virus; CCV: canine coronavirus; HCoV: human coronavirus; TGEV: transmissible gastroenteritis virus.