Fig. 1. Experiment design.

Twelve rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were each infected percutaneously with 700 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and sampled up to 42 weeks, over establishment, maturation and self-cure phases. They were then exposed to a challenge of 700 cercariae and sampled for a further 20 weeks (62 weeks post-infection). Blood was collected at the indicated time points for estimation of worm burden using the level of circulating anodic antigen (CAA), antibody titre, inflammatory markers and haematology. Faeces were also collected to determine the number of eggs per gram (EPG). At week 62 the macaques were euthanized, and the portal system was perfused to determine the actual worm burden. Macaque image is courtesy of https://www.shutterstock.com/.