Table 1.

Comparative features of adult tissue vs. iPSC-derived organoids.

Origin of organoid	Availability	Protocols	Differentiation potential	Potential use as ATMP*	Cancer organoid models	Utility in cancer immunology research	Potential for use in infectious diseases	Genome editing	Organ-on chip studies	Potential biobanks	Challenges ahead in 2021
Adult-tissue-derived	Requires tissue and biopsy	Relatively easy	Depends on the type of organs and stem cells	Limited	High potential	Yes, TME** with immune components are present	Limited (Requires tissue sampling)	Limited	Yes	Yes	Improved differentiation protocols
											Ability to expand
iPSC-derived	Readily available from iPSC	Complex and multistep procedures	Theoretically unlimited towards any tissue	High potential	High potential but TME absent.	TME components are not reproduced in a single step	High Potential	High potential	Yes	Yes	Simplified differentiation protocols
					Interest in hereditary cancer studies						Adequate vascularization and innervation

^*Advances therapeutic medicinal product.

^**Tumor micro-environment.