Table 2.
Gram stain and microbiological culture findings in ascitic fluid samples from 178 patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial/fungal peritonitis (SBFP) or secondary peritonitis (SP).
| Gram stain and microbiological culture findings | SBFP n = 157 (88.2%) | SP n = 21 (11.8%) |
|---|---|---|
| Negative direct Gram stain and culture | 71 (45.2%) | 8 (38.1%) |
| Polymicrobial | 14 (8.9%) | 5 (23.8%) |
| Gram-negative bacilli | 46 (29.3%) | 3 (14.3%) |
| Escherichia coli | 34 | 3 |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 2 | 0 |
| Klebsiella sp. | 4 | 0 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 | 0 |
| Other Gram-negative bacilli | 3 | 0 |
| Gram-positive cocci | 21 (13.4%) | 4 (19.0%) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 3 | 1 |
| Enterococcus faecium | 2 | 1 |
| Other Enterococci | 1 | 0 |
| Streptococcus species | 10 | 1 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 4 | 1 |
| Other Staphylococci | 1 | 0 |
| Gram-positive bacilli | 2 (1.3%) | 0 |
| Clostridium perfringens | 1 | 0 |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | 0 |
| Fungi | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (4.7%) |
| Candida glabrata | 2 | 0 |
| Candida albicans | 0 | 1 |
| Undetermined | 1 (0.6%) | 0 |
SBFP spontaneous bacterial/fungal peritonitis, SP secondary peritonitis.