Table 3.
Associations of obesity phenotypes with ECG-LVH, ECG-LAE and inferior TWI.
| Sokolow-Lyon based ECG-LVH | Cornell based ECG-LVH | ECG-LAE | Inferior TWI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity phenotypes | OR (95% CI) | p -value | OR (95% CI) | p -value | OR (95% CI) | p -value | OR (95% CI) | p -value |
| MHNO | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| MUNO | 0.80 (0.51–1.25) | 0.32 | 0.79 (0.41–1.53) | 0.48 | 0.87 (0.44–1.72) | 0.68 | 2.21 (0.74–6.58) | 0.15 |
| MHO | 0.46 (0.36–0.58) | <0.001 | 1.08 (0.79–1.50) | 0.62 | 2.34 (1.77–3.10) | <0.001 | 3.49 (1.97–6.19) | <0.001 |
| MUO | 0.39 (0.28–0.53) | <0.001 | 1.19 (0.80–1.77) | 0.39 | 3.02 (2.13–4.28) | <0.001 | 4.52 (2.38–8.60) | <0.001 |
| p-value for trend | <0.001 | 0.39 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Data are presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI (confidence intervals) using multiple logistic regression analysis.
Model adjusted for age, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking status and 3,000-m running categorical performance.
Sokolow-Lyon ECG based-LVH was diagnosed if (S-V1 or S-V2 + R-V5 or R-V6) ≥35 mm and Cornell ECG-based LVH was defined if R-aVL + S-V3 ≥18 mm, specifically for Asian young male adults.
MHNO, metabolically healthy non-obesity, defined as body mass index <27.0 kg/m2 and absence of metabolic syndrome, according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Asian male adults; MHO, metabolically healthy obesity defined as body mass index ≥27.0 kg/m2 and absence of metabolic syndrome; MUNO, metabolically unhealthy non-obesity defined as body mass index <27.0 kg/m2 and presence of metabolic syndrome; MUO, metabolically unhealthy obesity defined as body mass index ≥27.0 kg/m2 and presence of metabolic syndrome; ECG, electrocardiography; LAE, left atrial enlargement; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; TWI, T wave inversion.