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. 2021 Oct 26;6:70. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00178-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Neutralizing antibodies (Abs) such as anti-PD1 and anti-PDL1 can be used to inhibit the proliferation and polarization of macrophages by targeting inhibitory ICs. These upregulate IFN-γ and TNF-α in BMP4-induced macrophages and downregulate IL-10 and decrease the population of M2, ultimately leading to the effective inhibition of HO by Abas.