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. 2021 Oct 26;6:70. doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00178-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Macrophages of different phenotypes in inflamed tissues can be targeted by injecting specific nanoparticles. Drug-loaded NPs, such as chlorophosphate-containing liposomes, blocks HO formation by depleting macrophages. In addition, NPs loaded with siRNA can inhibit the recruitment of macrophages and the secretion of inflammatory mediators by downregulating the expression of CCR2 or CCR5, which may be a new approach for the prevention of HO.