Table 3.
Manganese-based hybrid nanomaterials as theranostic agents.
| Therapy | Agent name | Description | Tumor model | Research group and reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPT | Au@Mn3O4 magneto- plasmonic nanoflowers | With great potential in T1-weighted MRI and photothermal therapy (PPT) in vitro and in vivo | 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Aiguo Wu’s group (11) |
| PPT | MONPs-BSA-EDTA | For multifunctional imaging-guided PPT | HCT116 tumor-bearing mice | Jing Zhou’s group (51) |
| PPT | Cu2MnS2 NPs | For MRI/MSOT dual-modal imaging-guided PTT of cancer in the NIR-II window | S180 tumor-bearing mice | Chunhua Lu and Huanghao Yang’s group (52) |
| PPT | MNP-Mn | A multifunctional nanoplatform for MR/PA dual-modal imaging-guided PTT | Hep-2 tumor-bearing mice | Ruiping Zhang’s group (53) |
| PPT | Mn2+-doped PB nanocubes | Mn2+-doped PB (PB : Mn) nanocubes for MRI-guided PTT with enhanced performance | 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice | Liang Cheng and Zhuang Liu’s group (48) |
| PDT | FMCNPs | Amphiphilic amino acid-coordinated ionic manganese simultaneous encapsulation of chlorin e6 (FMCNPs) for MRI-guided PDT | MCF7 tumor-bearing mice | Xia Xin, Shiling Yuan, and Xuehai Yan’s group (54) |
| PDT | MnIO-dBSA | Manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticles modified with denatured bovine serum albumin (MnIO-dBSA) composites for efficient tumor MRI and PDT | 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Zhijun Zhang’s group (10) |
| PDT | IHM | By encapsulating a MnO2 NP in an ICG-modified hyaluronic acid nanoparticle (HANP) for fluorescent and PA imaging-guided tumor PDT | SCC7 tumor-bearing mice | Guoqing Zhao, Qingjie Ma, and Lei Zhu’s group (55) |
| PDT | P-AgNCs-MnO2 | A novel multifunctional DNA-templated silver nanoclusters/porphyrin/MnO2 theranostic nanoplatform for non-labeled fluorescence images of Zn2+ and PDT | MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice | Daoquan Tang and Fenglei Gao’s group (56) |
| SDT | DVDMS-Mn-LPs | Encapsulation of DVDMS chelating with Mn into nanoliposomes for integrating imaging and therapy into a single nano-platform | U87 tumor-bearing mice | Fei Yan’s group (57) |
| SDT | Mn-MOF | A nanosensitizer to self-supply O2 and decrease GSH for enhanced SDT and ferroptosis | H22 and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Xiangliang Yang and Lu Gan’s group (58) |
| CDT | MnS@BSA | Size-controllable, biodegradable, and metastable γ-phase manganese sulfide nanotheranostics using BSA as a biological template for tumor pH-responsiveness traceable gas therapy-primed CDT | 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Peng Huang’s group (59) |
| CDT | GSH-Gated MnO2@PEI-IAA | For GSH-gated miRNA-21 signal amplification and GSH-activated MRI-guided CDT | MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice | Caina Xu and Huayu Tian’s group (60) |
| CDT | MCDION-Se | Nanoselenium-coated MCDION-Se for MRI guided CDT | HeLa and HK-2 tumor-bearing mice | Duohong Zou and Zhengyan Wu’s group (61) |
| RIT | 131I-HSA-MnO2 NPs | Radionuclide 131I-labeled human serum albumin (HSA)-bound manganese dioxide nanoparticles (131I-HSA-MnO2) as a novel radioisotope therapy (RIT) nanomedicine platform for tumor microenvironment | 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Kai Yang and Zhuang Liu’s group (62) |
| Gene therapy | f-L-SQDs | The (f-L-SQDs)-folic acid-conjugated liposome core–shell co-doped Mn : ZnSe/ZnS/ZnMnS sandwiched quantum dots (SQD) to deliver cancer cell-targeted siRNA for dual-mode imaging (MRI and fluorescence imaging) and gene therapy | Panc-1 (ATCC CRL-1469) | Tze Chien Sum and Ken-Tye Yong’s group (63) |
| Photo-genetherapy | DNA/Mn NPs | A multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform-DNA/Mn NPs by encapsulating indocyanine green (ICG)-labeled CHA-DNAzyme prodrugs and MnO2 adjuvant into a biocompatible poly nanocarrier for photo-genetherapy strategy | MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice | Fuan Wang’s group (64) |
| Magnetic hyperthermia therapy | FIMO-NFs | Novel room-temperature FIMO-NFs to harness the advantages and potential of T1-T2 dual-mode MRI and magnetic hyperthermia therapy for precision medicine | U87MG tumor-bearing SCID mice | Jun Ding and Hai Ming Fan’s group (65) |
| PTT and CDT | PFN | A second near-infrared PFN for activatable MRI-guided synergetic PTT and CDT | Panc02 tumor-bearing mice | Ruizhi Wang, Yu Luo and Xiaolin Wang’s group (66) |
| photothermal-chemodynamic therapy | GNRs | A plasmonic modulation strategy of GNRs for imaging guided NIR-II photothermal-chemodynamic therapy | U87MG tumor-bearing mice | Peng Huang’s group (67) |
| photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic therapy | GSH-triggered Au@MnO2 | An Au@MnO2 core–shell nanostructure as a GSH-triggered smart theranostic agent for PA and MRI-guided photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic therapy | 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Qiwei Tian and Shiping Yang’s group (68) |
| chemo-photodynamic therapy | CDM NPs | Oxygen-generating theranostic nanoparticles by hierarchically assembling DOX, Ce6, and MnO2 with poly-b-poly-b-poly for trimodal imaging-guided combined chemo-photodynamic therapy | MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice | ZhiYong Qian’s group (69) |
PPT, photothermal therapy; MSOT, multispectral optoacoustic tomography; PA, photoacoustic; PB, Prussian Blue; FMCNPs, Fmoc-L-L/Mn2+/chlorin e6 nanoparticles; MnIO-dBSA, manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles modified with denatured bovine serum albumin; HANP, hyaluronic acid nanoparticle; PDT, photodynamic therapy; SDT, sonodynamic therapy; DVDMS, organic sinoporphyrin sodium; CDT, chemodynamic therapy; MCDION-Se, nanoselenium coated manganese carbonate-deposited iron oxide nanoparticle; HSA, human serum albumin; RIT, radioisotope therapy; SQD, sandwiched quantum dots; ICG, indocyanine green; CHA, catalytic hairpin assembly; FIMO-NFs, ferromagnetic IMO nanoflowers; PFN, photothermal Fenton nanocatalyst; GNRs, gold nanorods; CDM NPs, chlorin e6-DOX-MnO2 nanoparticles.