Figure 2.

The decline in spatial learning and memory was attenuated by Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10. Spatial learning and memory ability were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze after 8 weeks of TWK10 or PBS administration. (A) Mean escape latency to the platform were recorded during trial days 1, 2, and 3. (B,C) The differences in escape latency between day 1 and day 3 were examined in young and aged mice. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Statistical differences among groups in mean escape latency during the trial days were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA with the post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test. Different letters (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among the groups, P < 0.05. Two group comparison was analyzed using the unpaired Student t-test. ***P < 0.001. The differences in delta time of escape latency between the Control and TWK10-administered groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. *P < 0.05.