Table 2.

Pharmacological therapies in development for the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis.

Drug candidate	Target	Possible mechanism of action on Atopic Dermatitis	Disease indication	Level of evidence	NCT Number/PubMed ID
Baricitinib	JAK1/JAK2	Inhibitor of JAK1 dan JAK2 mediated signaling in the immunopathology of AD (37)	Rheumatoid arthritis	Phase III completed	NCT03334422, NCT03334396,
Tofacitinib	JAK1/JAK2	Inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 inhibits cytokine IL-4 directly (38).	Rheumatoid arthritis	Phase II completed	NCT02001181
Tralokinumab	1L13	Inhibitor of IL-13 by maintaining inflammatory reaction and major skin effects (39).	Asthma	Phase III completed	NCT03160885
Ruxolitinib	JAK1/JAK2	a selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 potently inhibits proinflammatory cytokine signaling (40)	Myelofibrosis	Phase III ongoing	NCT03745651, NCT03745638
Upadacitinib	JAK1	a selective inhibitor of JAK1 inhibited the production of proinflammatory Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 (41).	Rheumatoid arthritis	Phase III ongoing	NCT04195698
Lebrikizumab	IL13	Inhibitor of IL-13 by maintaining inflammatory reaction and major skin effects (39).	Asthma	Phase III ongoing	NCT04392154
Pitrakinra	IL13/IL4	IL-4/IL-13 inhibitory activity may reduce inflammation caused by allergens (39).	Asthma	Phase II completed	NCT00676884
Tocilizumab#	IL6R	inhibits IL-6 binding to soluble IL6R (42).	Rheumatoid arthritis	Case series	21962991
Canakinumab*	IL1B	IL-1β induced TSLP production and stimulated keratinocytes (43).	Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS)	–	30937919
Momelotinib*	JAK1/JAK2	JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor could reduce inflammatory cytokine expression, including IL4, IL5, IFN-γ, and TSLP (44).	Myelofibrosis	–	30544712

*Represents under preclinical investigation, ^#case series.