Table 7.

Photosensitizer chemical structure/properties and in vitro assays for fungi biofilms inactivation

#	PS structure/generic name	Condition	Results
1	Chlorin e6 (PS7) Charge: − 3 MW = 597 Da	C. albicans ATCC 10231 [223]	Outcome: 0.3 log CFU reduction [PS]: 20 µM Light dose: 40 J/cm2 (LED λ = 660 nm)
2	Photodithazine (PS8) Charge: − 2 MW = 581 Da	C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. glabrata (ATCC 2001) and C. tropicalis (ATCC 4563) [224]	Outcome: 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 log CFU reduction for C. glabrata, C. albicans and C. tropicalis, respectively [PS]: 154 µM Light dose: 37.5 J/cm2 (LED λ = 660 nm)
3		C. albicans ATCC 90028 [225]	Outcome: 6.1 log CFU reduction after 5× treatment cycles [PS]: 43 µM Light dose: 18 J/cm2 (each cycle; LED λ = 660 nm)
4	PS43 Charge: + 1 MW = 744 Da	C. albicans ATCC 14053, Ca1, Ca2 and Ca3 [226]	Outcome: 6.0, 7.0, 7.0 and 4.0 log CFU reduction, respectively [PS]: 20 µM Light dose: 150 J/cm2 (LED λ = 410 nm)
5	Porphyrin mixture FORM (PS3) Charge: + 1 to + 4 MW = 679 to 900 Da	C. albicans ATCC 10231 [131]	Outcome: ~ 7 log CFU reduction [PS]: 0.5 µM (in combination with 100 mM KI) Light dose: 9 J/cm2 (White fluorescent lamp λ = 380–700 nm)
6	Methylene blue (PS18) Charge: + 1 MW = 284 Da	C. albicans ATCC 10231 [227]	Outcome: 0.6 log CFU reduction [PS]: 62.5 µM Light dose: 30 J/cm2 (Laser λ = 660 nm)
7		C. auris (clinical isolate): AR382, AR383, AR385, AR386, AR390 [228]	Outcome: 2.8, 1.5, 7.2, 2.6, 1.6 log CFU reduction, respectively [PS]: 112 µM Light dose: 19.2 J/cm2 (LED λ = 635 nm)
8	Curcumin (PS14) Charge: 0 MW = 368 Da	C. dubliniensis CBS 7987 [229]	Outcome: 0.5 log CFU reduction [PS]: 40 µM Light dose: 5.3 J/cm2 (LED λ = 435 nm)
9		C. albicans ATCC 90028 [230]	Outcome: 1 log CFU reduction [PS]: 60 µM Light dose: 7.9 J/cm2 (LED λ = 455 nm)
10	Erythrosin (PS44) Charge: − 2 MW = 880 Da	C. albicans ATCC 18804 [231]	Outcome: 1.1 log reduction of C. albicans [PS]: 400 µM Light dose: 42.6 J/cm2 (LED λ = 532 ± 10 nm)